Development of a 4 year old child assignments. Development of thinking in four- to five-year-old children. Games aimed at physical development and release of children's energy

Parents of five-year-old children should know what to pay attention to when preparing home activities with their children. It is important to understand that this is the age when you should start preparing for school. It is important to organize classes, but their duration should not exceed 30-35 minutes. Keep in mind that the leading activity of children of this age is play, so build all educational activities in this form. It is necessary to develop fine motor skills, it directly affects the development of speech centers. If you want a son or daughter who talks a lot and speaks well, sculpt, draw, paint, put together a mosaic with him.

Look at the lessons both in pictures and in text and choose what suits your baby best.

Games and activities for children 5 years old

For activities with children at home, parents should prepare prizes in advance, as well as the necessary supplies and attributes.

Quest find the treasure

Parents come up with and create a map with tasks in advance. Different rooms of the apartment are used as locations. Each new task gives a hint where the treasure is.
What tasks can be used:
Assemble the mosaic
Guess the riddles
Make an applique (small)
Separate the beans from the peas
Make a tower of cubes no less than 30 cm (you can indicate the height of the object in the room)
Name only wild animals
Sort the pictures by season
Be sure to reward the detective at the end, even if it is something tasty or useful, for example, a small construction set or toy.

Lesson: “Hot and cold”

A simple game allows you to develop spatial concepts, memory, thinking and attention. Hide the prize in advance in a place accessible to the child. Ask him to find the hidden thing, give the little participant hints with the words “hot” - it means close to the prize and your five-year-old child is moving in the right direction and “cold” - it means the direction for the search is chosen incorrectly.

You can play this game vice versa, let your son or daughter hide the toy and show you the way to it using similar words. The adult’s task is to find the prize, the child’s task is to correctly give directions using the words “hot” and “cold”.

Game: “What’s missing”

A game that helps develop attention. You will need a set of different items, these could be toys, pencils or any safe items. At first you can use 5-7 items, later complicate the tasks by adding more and more attributes.

The task is to find an item that is missing. Give the little participant time to remember all the objects, and after he turns away, you need to remove one object. If the child correctly guessed which item is missing, then let him hide some attribute from you in the new game.

You can supplement the lesson with tasks like: arrange the objects as they stood, name the color of the object that is missing, arrange the toys by height.

Lesson: “Hands-scales”

To understand the weight of objects, ask him to use scales. Place different objects in his hands and ask him to evaluate which one is heavier.

To complicate the task, you can blindfold the little player.

Lesson: “Making fruits and vegetables”

Invite your daughter to make a grocery set for her doll. For example, offer him originals of vegetables and fruits or pictures of them. Let him try to create vegetables and fruits according to their colors.

Make a picture from the received copies or ask them to divide the resulting works into vegetables and fruits.

Parents should remember that only developmental activities in the form of games can captivate a child and teach him to perform the most difficult tasks. Help and be sure to praise the child, then he will learn to accept even failures adequately and will not lose the desire to try again and again. What didn't work out the first time.

Video “Developmental activities for 5-year-old children”

Four-year-old children seem to be adults, but they are still very small. At this age, the development of the child’s personality and character continues, which must be gently corrected by the parents. What skills has a child already mastered by his 4th birthday and what activities are suitable for the development of children 4-5 years old?

At 4 years old, a child masters many new skills

Features of age

• The baby is still active and energetic, but has already become more diligent and is able to do one thing for about 20 minutes. Fine motor skills are constantly improving. Most four-year-olds especially enjoy drawing.
• After 4 and a half years, the child changes in appearance, as he begins to actively develop muscle and bone tissue.
• For a child over 4 years old, the social component of development is very important. The kid makes friends among other children, trying to find a “common language” with them. The child notices well the feelings of other people and knows how to empathize. The baby learned to formulate his own thoughts in words. Many 4-year-olds have imaginary friends.
• A 4-year-old child continues to master his native speech. Many children of this age are characterized by a slight lisp. The vocabulary of a four-year-old child grows very rapidly (up to 2500-3000 words by the age of 5). The toddler's speech is enriched with expression and intonation. The baby voices his own actions and everything he sees, and also constantly asks a large number of questions. In approximately 5% of children, speech development at the initial stages is accompanied by stuttering.
• The intellectual capabilities of a 4-4.5 year old child increase significantly. The baby is ready to learn letters and numbers.

In the form of a game, you can move on to learning how to write letters and numbers

Calculate your vaccination schedule

What should a child be able to do?

At 4 years old, children can make simple appliqués on their own

Height and weight

Compared to the indicators at 3 years, by the age of 4, the baby’s weight increases by approximately 2000-2200 grams, and height - by 7-8 centimeters. To determine the pace of the child’s physical development, doctors and parents compare the baby’s indicators with the norms established for children of this age category of a certain gender (girls, as a rule, have lower indicators). We presented the average values ​​and normal limits in the following table:

Types of child development

Physical

A child at the age of four should move sufficiently, increase his agility, coordination and endurance. This is the goal of the baby’s physical development, which includes gymnastics, dancing, physical exercise with mom, swimming, cycling, outdoor games and many other activity options.

It is important to do gymnastics, including dynamic exercises, at least 2 times a week. It is performed during the day, long before bedtime, in a ventilated room and preferably in a group of children. The optimal duration of such gymnastics is 20-25 minutes.

At 4 years old you can easily find activities for your child’s physical development

Mental

The psyche of a four-year-old child develops very actively and the child’s range of emotions expands. In addition, children aged 4-5 years are very susceptible to the reaction of an adult. If parents or caregivers treat the child with approval and respect, this helps in developing a positive self-image for the child.

Classes for the mental development of children 4-4.5 years old include exercises that affect the baby’s attention, as well as memory and thinking. The child is offered:

• Summarize objects based on some characteristic.
• Collect a picture consisting of 3-4 parts.
• Identify similarities and differences in drawings and toys.
• Choose identical items from a group.
• Repeat a certain sequence of movements shown by an adult.
• Assemble buildings from the construction kit, focusing on the sample.
• Identify the odd one out in a group of items, and then explain your choice.
• Find antonyms for words.
• Remember the plot of the drawing.
• Retell a fairy tale.
• Recite nursery rhymes and poems by heart.
• Describe a significant event that happened recently.

Retelling the story will show both the mental and speech development of the baby

To train your memory, do the exercises with your baby shown in the following video from SovaFilmProduction.

Emotional

The development of emotions in a 4-year-old child is an important part of the full development of the baby. A child of this age begins to understand relationships between people, may notice that the person next to him has changed his mood, and is able to express his own emotions.

A four-year-old knows how to sympathize and show attention. The child feels how he is treated.

Sensory and musical

The sensory development of a child affects the baby’s sensory organs responsible for hearing, smell, and touch. The child is asked to determine the characteristics of objects by touch. This is how the baby learns that objects are hard or soft, rough or smooth, warm or cold. Activities for sensory development also include games related to smells and tastes.

By the age of four, a child is already familiar with some musical instruments, small works, and music with different rhythms. The child already has his favorite melodies, and when he hears them, the baby will sing along.

Let's listen to your child's favorite songs more often.

Speech

Speech development is extremely important for every 4-year-old child. First of all, it is influenced by the baby’s communication with adults, as well as with other children. This increases the toddler's vocabulary, teaches him to construct sentences and express his opinions in words. At the age of 4, many children do not yet pronounce hissing sounds and “r”, so lessons on pronunciation of these sounds are often conducted with four-year-olds in the form of games.

To stimulate the speech development of children 4-4.5 years old, you can:

• Learn rhymes and songs with them.
• Look at pictures with plots and discuss them.
• Consider the fairy tale in pictures and reproduce its plot.
• Read stories with your mother and discuss them.
• Listen to fairy tales in audio recordings.
• Solve riddles.
• Before going to bed, discuss how your day went.
• Do articulatory gymnastics.
• Learn letters and sounds.
• Determine the first letter in a word, divide words into syllables.

Sing the following nursery rhyme song from the Lyulyabi TV channel with your child.

If a child at 4 years old has a small vocabulary or formulates sentences with complexity, it is necessary to evaluate the dynamics of his speech development. For more details, see the video by E. Komarovsky.

Fine motor skills

Motor development is considered a very important point in the development plan of young children. Fine motor activities stimulate speech development by targeting the area of ​​the brain responsible for speech. Such activities include games with sand, cubes, construction sets, beads, cereals, and beans. Do finger exercises with your baby, tie knots on the cord, fasten and unfasten zippers, buttons, buttons, hooks. At the age of 4, in addition to modeling and drawing, add crafts for which you need to cut something with scissors and glue it.

To develop a child's fine motor skills, you can use regular cereal. How to conduct such a lesson, see the video of the TSV channel “Mom’s School”.

Cognitive

A four-year-old child is actively exploring the world, and the development of his cognitive sphere should be aimed at improving memory, thinking, logic, and attention.

Typically, activities for the cognitive development of a 4-year-old child have a specific theme, for example, “pets,” “spring,” “water,” “ground transportation,” “professions,” “night,” and others. On this topic, games are organized with the child, during which the baby will identify colors, shadows, shapes, differences and similar elements, parts of the whole, generalizing properties, excess, opposites, missing elements and much more.

To develop attention

It is important for a 4-5 year old child to learn to focus on a specific task, as well as notice small details. He will need these skills in the future to be successful in school.

Ask your child to find all the flowers in the picture and circle them

To develop the attention of a 4-year-old baby, you can offer your child:

• Repeat the actions after your mother, for example, sit down - stand up - close your eyes - touch your ear - open your eyes - move your hand to the side.
• Play “edible-inedible”, “flying-non-flying” with a ball.
• Cross out a specific letter in the printed text. To make this task more difficult, you can cross out one letter and underline the second.
• The mother touches the parts of the face and names them, the child must repeat her actions. Then mom starts making “mistakes.”

Ask your child to find a pair of identical drawings

Mathematical

For a 4 year old, learning math should be exciting and fun. It is convenient to teach your baby mathematics while walking, for example, counting steps, passing cars, houses, birds. To explain simple examples, you can use your fingers or special counting sticks.

Ordinary walking games with a cube will help your child quickly learn to count

Creative

Activities aimed at developing a child’s creative abilities are enjoyed by most children. These include drawing, creating various crafts and applications, modeling from salt dough or plasticine, as well as role-playing games.

Diagnostics of development

Parents should be alert if, at 4 years old, their child:

• Cannot walk down stairs in alternating steps.
• Doesn't say his first and last name, or his gender.
• Cannot summarize several subjects in one word.
• Unable to learn a short verse.
• Doesn't remember the plot of a story.
• Can't count to 5.
• Doesn't know simple geometric shapes.
• Doesn't know primary colors.
• Cannot build a bridge using cubes according to the model.
• Cannot assemble a pyramid of 5 parts.
• Shows cruelty to an animal, toy, or other child.
• Lethargic and apathetic during the day, or, on the contrary, often agitated.

Work well on the “weak” areas in the child’s development

Games for speech development

1. Game "what happens". Ask your child what objects can be long, sharp, round, hard, fragrant, blue, liquid, and so on.
2. A "what happens if" game. We discuss given situations with the child, for example, “what will happen if a ball falls into the water,” “what will happen if I fall in the snow.”
3. Game "what can be done." We ask the child what can be done with an apple, a ball, water, cookies, sand, and so on. Another option for such a game would be to discuss “what you can do with” - drink, eat, sew, pour, buy.
4. Game "what's where". We ask the little one what is in the hallway, in the nursery, in the kitchen. Then we ask you to say in which room there is a frying pan, a wardrobe, a TV, and so on.
5. Guess who game. We describe the animal in a few words and ask the little one to guess. For example, “guess who is fluffy, red and cunning.”
6. We stimulate the pronunciation of hissing words. We hiss like a snake, chase away the sparrow “shoo-shoo”, pronounce pure sayings with “sh”, buzz like a fly, repeat pure sayings with “w”, alternately buzzing and hissing. In order for the child to distinguish “s” from “sh”, we pronounce them in turn. To distinguish “w” from “z”, imagine yourself as a fly, and then as a mosquito. To pronounce the sound “h” we invite the child to imagine himself as a train.
7. We perform gymnastics for the tongue and lips. We smile with a silent pronunciation of “i” (like a frog), stretch our lips forward with a silent “u” (like an elephant), open and close our mouth without sounds (like a fish), open our mouth, move our tongue up and down (like a swing) and side to each corner of the mouth (like a clock), keep a relaxed tongue on the lower lip (like a shovel), stretch the tongue forward (like a needle).

To make the sound “R”, do the “Snake” exercise, shown by speech therapist Yulia Orlova.

Articulation gymnastics will help the child speak more clearly. Complete the tasks from the following videos with your little one, shown by speech therapist Tatyana Lazareva.

Sample exercise program for a week

Activities for the development of a 4-year-old child should be planned in advance, and best of all - for a week. This way you won’t miss out on important developments for your baby, won’t overload your baby, and will be able to prepare all the materials in advance. When drawing up a weekly plan for developmental activities at the age of 4-4.5 years, they first take into account whether the child attends kindergarten. If the baby is in the garden all day, then you need to understand the following points:

• A child in kindergarten already has daily developmental activities and regular physical activity.
• You can only work with your baby at home in the evenings and on weekends.
• You should not plan vigorous activities in the evening.
• After returning from kindergarten there is not much time left for classes, so, as a rule, only 1-2 classes are planned.
• It is worth finding out what program the child is taught in the kindergarten, so as not to duplicate classes, but to supplement them.

For a child who does not yet attend a childcare center, the lesson plan will be more extensive. When compiling it, the child’s interests, existing skills, and attendance at a development school or sports section are taken into account.

The development program is only a guideline and should be adapted to the needs of the child, his “weak” points and the availability of free time of the parents

We offer the following approximate weekly program of developmental activities for a 4-year-old child:

How to raise a child from 3 to 6 years old, watch the video of the Education channel. TV.

• At the age of 4, a child can be enrolled in some sports sections. Attending sports classes will not only provide an opportunity to expend energy, but will also help you learn new skills and understand what discipline is.
• Praise your child often and give him enough attention. The baby has become more mature, but still needs his parents.
• From the age of 4, a child can be taken to the cinema, circus and similar places. To make your acquaintance with this type of pastime successful, do not immediately take tickets to the first row.
• Hearing hundreds of children's questions every day, it is important to remain a patient and wise parent. Don’t refuse to answer your little one, even if you don’t know what to say. Find the answer together and satisfy children's curiosity.
• You can start teaching foreign languages ​​to a 4-5 year old child. Classes, of course, should be in the form of a game.

Activities should be enjoyable for both the child and parents

Care and regimen

For the normal development of a four-year-old child, it is important to maintain his health, so parents should pay attention to the toddler’s daily routine and caring for the baby:

• The child should be provided with adequate rest. 4-year-old children sleep on average 11-12 hours per day. Many four-year-olds protest against daytime sleep, but doctors emphasize that children of this age still need rest during the day.
• Every morning, a 4-year-old child’s routine includes the usual hygiene procedures. The baby washes himself, brushes his teeth, goes to the toilet, and combs his hair. Four-year-olds still often have to be reminded to wash their hands after walking and before eating.
• The child should have daily walks that allow the four-year-old to get enough exercise. In addition, you can go for walks with friends, inventing active and exciting games.
Articulation gymnastics
• Speech therapy classes

A child's leisure time should be useful and interesting, but the problem is that not all parents can or want to make it just that way. In fact, four-year-old children require more attention than even infants. On the one hand, they no longer need to regularly warm up bottles of food and change diapers, but on the other hand, they need to be constantly engaged and played with. Without this, the full development of the child and the establishment of trusting, close relationships between the child and parents are unthinkable.
The baby is still full of energy and strength in the first half of the day, so it is better to conduct training sessions at this time. These include decorating pictures, modeling from plasticine, working with appliqués, and cutting out simple figures. To keep your child interested in the process, you need to approach it creatively and come up with original tasks. Ingenuity and imagination can be perfectly developed with the help of pyramids, puzzles, construction sets and other “collective” toys. Although it will be interesting for the baby to assemble something with his own hands, the participation of mom or dad will make this process much more fun.
Children at the age of 4 already begin to realize their gender identity. The girl strives to copy her mother’s behavior, and the boy probably wants to become as strong as his father. Thanks to this age-related feature, role-playing games open up an inexhaustible source of entertainment for kids. There are a huge number of them: a store, a hospital, daughters and mothers, a hairdresser, a game of builders. With the help of such variety, you can captivate even a 4-year-old hyperactive child.

Drawing

Not all boys are drawn to drawing, but even such boys may certainly be interested in drawing with charcoal. First you need to take care of your workspace so that the whole apartment doesn’t turn black. Another option is to offer the baby whatman paper and paints and let him draw on it - either with his hands or with his feet.
Girls at the age of 4 draw quite well, both with pencils and felt-tip pens, and with paints. Even if a child does not like to draw too much, then if you give him a piece of old wallpaper, a large brush and paints, he will certainly become interested in this activity.
There are other exciting options:

• Previously, stencils were produced for drawing numbers, letters or geometric shapes, which were often used when designing, for example, school wall newspapers. They can serve well when working with 4-year-old children. You can trace various shapes using them and then color them. You can do it differently - download letters, geometric shapes or animal figures from the Internet, print them, transfer them to cardboard, cut them out - and you’ll get a wonderful stencil.
• You can show your child how to draw the outline of your hand on paper.. He will probably be interested in this process, so he will switch to it for a long time - if only there was blank paper!
• Using carbon paper. Not long ago there were no photocopiers, and people used carbon copies instead. Now, of course, such a rarity is difficult to find, but if it is possible, it will be a great joy for the child, as soon as he is shown how to use it correctly.
• Everyone knows how important it is to develop fine motor skills in children., and such skills can be perfectly developed through drawing. You can combine this with a trick: put a coin under a sheet of paper and start shading the paper with a pencil on top. All the details depicted on the coin will immediately appear, which can then be cut out and used as “paper money”.
• The simplest option is to download coloring pages from the Internet and invite the child to bring them “to condition” with the help of paints. You can also download all kinds of labyrinths from the Internet.
• Method of drawing by points It will be especially attractive to children for whom drawing is difficult. Here they only need to connect the dots until they get the correct drawing.

Useful literature for 4 year olds

It is important for parents to instill in their child the basics of social behavior from a young age. For this purpose, it is best to choose educational books. At the age of 4, a child learns to contact the world, so it is advisable that he does this correctly from the beginning.
You can start with books containing instructive stories with a conclusion at the end of each. Using the example of book characters, the child will get acquainted with the wisdom of life: how to behave with peers, with adults, how to make acquaintances, what to be wary of, here he will learn the rules of behavior in kindergarten. An important educational point in such books is the emphasis on morality in each plot.
When choosing poems for 4-year-old children, it is important to pay attention to the authors. Samuel Marshak and Korney Chukovsky wrote excellent poems for such children. They will be interested in the story of the Kid and Carlson or the adventures of the heroes from Prostokvashino, as well as folk tales from different countries. After each story or poem read, it is important to analyze what was read together and make sure that the child understood it. At school, the ability to clearly formulate his opinion will greatly help him.
You need to notice which fairy tales your child likes best, and then select similar ones. It is desirable that there be more illustrations - it will be more interesting for the child, and he will remember more, since visual information is easier for him to assimilate.

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Educational programs and cartoons on the tablet

A modern way to entertain a child is to turn on educational programs or cartoons on his tablet. Now there are special channels showing educational cartoons. It is only important to choose the right program appropriate for the child’s age. But you need to remember that playing for a long time with a tablet or watching TV distracts children’s attention, can disrupt the baby’s sleep and cause aggressive behavior. Therefore, a cartoon session should not last more than 15-20 minutes.
Unfortunately, many modern cartoons are sloppy and contain a lot of violence, so adults need to check them first before showing them to a 4-year-old child. In this regard, kind and instructive Soviet cartoons are ideal. They emphasize the value of kindness and friendship, the desire to help loved ones, and they teach to look for positive moments in any situation. After all, Disney has very good cartoons for 4-year-olds (especially the old ones). They always have beautiful graphics, bright characters, and a lot of simple, catchy music and songs.
Those who want their child to know a foreign language can use online games to learn a language. For example, a picture of some object is shown there, and its name is voice-over in Russian and a foreign language. Even by playing such games for no more than 15 minutes a day, a child can learn several dozen foreign words in a few months.

Mom's assistant

Many 4-year-old toddlers are happy to help their mother in the kitchen, and they should not be denied this. After all, even for their clumsy fingers, you can always find something feasible to do here: cut ripe bananas with a dull table knife (not a sharp kitchen knife), wash apples in a basin, beat eggs for an omelet, roll out and knead the dough (at least try it). But, having handed the child even seemingly safe kitchen utensils, parents should closely monitor him, not leaving the baby alone. Moreover, you should not leave your child near a boiling pan; such negligence can be too expensive!
Not every mother will trust her 4-year-old child with cooking, but she should just allow him to play next to him! You can give your baby a saucepan, a spoon, a plastic plate and let him “cook dinner”. At this age, children are incredibly fascinated by role-playing games. Using the same scenario, you can organize other activities: clearing dishes from the table in a playful way, sorting clean things in the closet - if only mom had enough imagination!
If the baby is interested, he can be involved in homework. The girl will act as her mother’s main assistant, and the boy will become his father’s irreplaceable, dexterous and strong apprentice, without whom he, of course, cannot cope. It would hardly be wise to trust a 4-year-old to wash mirrors or vacuum cleaner, but he is quite capable of sorting socks, putting away his toys, or dusting the bottom shelves.

Creative activities

Collage of cereals

You can easily interest your baby in an unusual and exciting activity: make a three-dimensional toy or collage, decorated in a “kitchen style” with beans, pasta, bottle caps, etc. The basis can be a sheet of colored cardboard, onto which the baby can glue PVA glue in a certain sequence figures or landscape elements. Using a similar principle, you can make voluminous toys, but then the cardboard figure will have to be cut out.

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Origami

The girls are good at cutting out simple figures from paper. Many people like to fold origami, although parents must first show their daughter how to do it. You can cut out various figures from colored paper or newspaper, give the baby a glue stick - let her make appliqués. At the age of 4, children can already be taught to cut out the simplest geometric shapes: triangle, rectangle, circle.

Plasticine

Modern plasticine is an excellent tool for organizing exciting children's leisure time. It is soft, has many colors and shades. This plasticine does not need to be crushed in your hands for a long time. There is also floating plasticine containing foam balls. You can even take boats and other crafts from it with you to the bath.
If a child willingly plays with plasticine, but is not interested in modeling from it, then for such a child you can roll multi-colored sausages from it and invite him to cut them with a plastic plasticine knife.

Puzzles and mosaics

Puzzles also have an excellent developmental effect on logical thinking and attention. For a child, it is better to buy a bright puzzle with the image of a fairy-tale character, so that it is easier and more interesting for him to assemble it.
Some kids can be captivated by mosaics for hours, while others will get bored within 10 minutes. In any case, it’s worth trying, so it won’t hurt at home.

Fun with a hole punch

If you offer your baby a stack of old magazines and a hole punch, he will begin to punch the paper with interest. But you will have to watch the baby with a hole punch in his hands so that it does not transfer from the paper to the tissues surrounding him.

Toys

At 4 years old, boys love to play with construction sets, cars, robots, soldiers, and build towns, garages and roads. It is better to buy several different sets so that the baby can show his imagination, develop thinking, imagination and creativity.

Kinetic sand

If parents are too busy, they can let their child play with kinetic sand, which will distract him for a long time.

Active fun

Tennis for children

To develop your baby's coordination of movements, it is useful to buy him a small tennis racket with a ball tied to a string. The toy is very compact, and the ball will not fly far.

Home wigwam

Make a “house” out of pillows and blankets and send your baby in there with a flashlight - such a “cave” will surely delight him.

Stickers

You can buy a pack of children's stickers in the store and show your child how they can be pasted into a notebook or album. True, starting with a notebook, children usually get so carried away that they begin to cover everything: furniture, mirrors, walls.

Magnifier

If there is a magnifying glass in the house, then you can show it to the child and demonstrate its effect. The baby will begin to look at a wide variety of objects with great interest.

When a child is in kindergarten, mothers have nothing to worry about. There he studies, communicates with similar children, and plays according to the curriculum. A completely different environment at home. What to do with a 4 year old child at home? This question is asked by parents who work, and on short weekends are forced to make time for household chores, relaxation and communication with children. The difficulty is that the chosen activities should be:

• useful for the development of the baby;
• gave the right direction in shaping attitudes towards the world around us, towards ourselves, and people;
• so that they help create an atmosphere of trust and understanding between adults and children;
• taught the child to set goals, be active, and independent.

How does a child develop at 4 years old?

So, in order to figure out what to do with 4-year-old children at home, you need to know something about the characteristics of this age. At 4 years old the child has:

• the body actively grows, flexibility, dexterity, and coordination develop;
• the stock of knowledge grows every day, the horizons broaden, which gives rise to asking new questions, looking for answers to them from parents, in the world around them;
• the vocabulary becomes larger, speech becomes clearer and more correct;
• children's imagination and creative potential are clearly manifested;
• the child seeks communication with other children, tries to make friends, learns to interact with society.

What can be concluded? If you are looking for something to keep your 4-year-old child occupied at home, be sure to consider:

• his physical abilities;
• character traits, psychology;
• personal preferences and interests of the baby.

Affordable activities at home for children 4 years old

Children at the age of 4 enter a period when they eagerly take knowledge from the world around them. And the basis of a child’s universe is parents. It is they who must organize the right activities that are useful for the general, physical and mental development of the baby. What you put into your little why now will become the basis for the development of his habits, life principles and personality.

A simple option on how to keep a 4-year-old child occupied at home, how to attract his attention while his mother is cooking or resting - turn on a cartoon, let him play on a tablet or phone. There is ongoing debate about the benefits of such an activity for 4-year-old children. Psychologists confidently declare that long sessions of computer games, television programs, even quiet TV operation as a background are harmful for young children. They lead to the problem of social adaptation, mental disorders, and the development of “clip” (unstable) attention.

The ideal way to keep a 4-year-old child occupied at home is to get him interested in playing. It’s good if other children or adults also participate in the game. What tools do caring parents have in their arsenal?

1. Any types of creativity:

• modeling from plasticine, soft clay;
• drawing with paints, pencils, crayons, felt-tip pens;
• applique made of paper, cardboard, newspapers, natural materials;
• needlework;
• design.

Children's stores offer children 4 years old such a selection of materials and tools for creative activities that their eyes widen. With their help, you can keep your baby occupied at home for at least several hours if you alternate between different types of activities. By the way, try to take part in the creative process yourself. So the child will be interested, and you will learn something new together with him. You can play creative games with your children even when you are busy. It is enough for parents to show interest - ask what the child is drawing, suggest ideas, help in choosing a color.

2. Cultural education:

• love of books;
• acquaintance with art;
• musical development.

How to teach children to love reading? From the age of 4, reading interesting and useful books together should become your family tradition. There should be many illustrations on the pages of the book so that the child can imagine the characters and the atmosphere of the fairy tale. While reading, you can talk about the actions of the heroes and invent your own version of the story’s denouement. If you don't have time for live reading, use audiobooks. They develop auditory memory and phonetic hearing.

A child can fall in love with music and art through positive emotions, through play. For example, what can a 4-year-old child do at home if not by singing naughty children's songs? By the way, such entertainment is suitable for both a long trip and a walk.

3. Physical development

This includes active games and exercise. Usually children compensate for the need for movement outside. But if for some reason a walk is not possible, then you need to think about what energetic games to occupy 4-year-old children at home without consequences for the interior. Excellent options are dancing, competitions with adults “who can do more…” (sit down, bend over).

What to do with children at home while parents are busy?

Combining adult activities and communicating with children can sometimes be difficult. The wrong approach leads to both areas of life suffering and parents feeling guilty. But there is one unique tactic that will allow you to keep up with everything. It is proposed by the famous author, part-time mother, Anna Bykova in the book “Developmental activities for the “lazy mother”. In her opinion, there is no need to come up with complicated methods and spend a lot of time to keep 4-year-old children occupied at home with something useful. You just need to show a little imagination, take interest in your baby’s games, and the most ordinary things will turn into useful developmental activities.

When you cook, your child will be happy to help. Entrust him with washing vegetables or fruits in a basin, mixing salad in a large bowl, setting the table with napkins, spoons and other safe items. The baby will definitely enjoy rolling the dough on the table and making figures out of it while mom prepares dumplings or pies.

You can keep your little one busy with things not related to yours. While you are at the stove, let your child do some “edible” creativity next to you. He will be delighted to play with spaghetti, make an applique of pasta shells, coffee beans, and then paint it in bright colors.

There will be something for the little ones to do during the cleaning process. Children 4 years old can be entrusted with sorting laundry after washing, wiping dust, and cleaning up toys.

As you can see, if you have the desire and ingenuity, there will always be something to keep 4-year-old children occupied at home. And it’s not difficult to interest kids - they are always happy to play something new.

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The development of a child at 4 years old is associated with his further maturation. The baby has grown up, you have already changed clothing sizes more than once. He is active and inquisitive, speaks well and expresses his thoughts. The child begins to show character and establishes himself as an individual. He knows how to do many things and actively learns new things. Some children at this age know all the letters, count to ten, and begin to read syllables.

Physical development of a four-year-old child

The height of a four-year-old boy reaches 98.3-105.5 cm, girls - 98.5-104.1 cm. A boy weighs 15.1-17.8 kg, a girl - 14.8-17.7 kg. By the age of four, the genetic characteristics of children appear; with parents of short stature, the child will most likely also be small. With a tall father and mother, babies grow taller faster. Height and weight also depend on activity, nutrition, and living conditions. A special table with normal indicators helps to establish developmental delays. If a child’s readings are significantly underestimated or overestimated, he may need to consult an endocrinologist.

Motor skills in preschoolers become more perfect. They are extremely active, constantly running, jumping, and never sit still for a minute. Children can go up and down stairs without support, at a calm pace and at a run. They climb the wall bars and overcome obstacles. They ride a tricycle well and play with a ball. They can stand on one leg for about nine seconds. They somersault over their heads and are able to perform complex gymnastic exercises. True, they have problems with balance, so it needs to be developed.

Fine motor skills of the hands also achieve great development. Children can accurately draw different shapes, triangles, circles, squares. They manage to depict some animals, flowers, trees, little people. Some begin to write elements of letters in copybook. In coloring they hardly go beyond the lines. A four-year-old child can string beads and buttons on a thread. He builds tall towers from cubes and stacks construction sets.

In everyday life, children by the age of four are very independent. They drink well from a mug, eat with a spoon, fork, and some even use a table knife. They know how to wash themselves and brush their teeth. Putting on clothes is not a problem for them, except that it is not always possible to cope with buttons and laces. It is very important at this time to instill in the child hygiene skills, remind them to brush their teeth and wash their hands. It is necessary to teach the child to fold toys after class, which is very important for the development of accuracy.

Child's mental and speech development

By the age of four, a child’s thinking is actively developing. The thousands of questions he asks are precisely a manifestation of this development. At three years old, the baby mainly used a practical, visual and effective type of thinking. He independently tried to figure out the structure of objects, pressing buttons, levers, breaking toys. Now visual-figurative is joining this type. The baby learns to perceive images and patterns of objects, and to use their individual properties. This perception manifests itself very clearly when drawing. The child depicts only the most important details. For example, to picture a house, he just needs to draw a square with a roof; he draws a cat on four legs with a tail and whiskers.

The development of a more complex type of thinking, logical, is just beginning by the age of four. It manifests itself in the ability to generalize the properties of things, find identical features in them and group objects according to these features. It is still difficult for a child to understand abstract things. Move from specific images associated with words to general ones. To stimulate mental development, you need to work with the child, teach him what “time”, “number”, “measure” are.

By the age of four, a child’s speech becomes more complex. He speaks more than a thousand words, pronounces almost all sounds and letters. Knows how to correctly compose sentences of 4-6 words, use verbs, adjectives, objects, conjugate nouns according to cases. Sometimes he makes grammatical mistakes in conversations, but this happens less and less often. The preschooler is able to quite coherently retell the events and content of the book he read. A four-year-old child likes to create new words; they seem more suitable to him for naming certain objects. The baby already clearly answers questions and can carry out 3-4 instructions from adults. He knows his name, the names of his mom and dad, and his grandparents. Can give his address, the address of a friend, or grandparents.

Children's imagination actively develops. They write fairy tales and play complex role-playing games. Sometimes they come up with monsters and monsters, and then they are afraid of them. You need to patiently explain to the child that his fears are in vain. Under no circumstances should you frighten children yourself; this is far from the best way to get them to obey. Preschoolers' memory improves; they accumulate the results of their cognitive activity in their heads. They already know several colors and quickly remember new ones. Up to 4-5 figures are named, including three-dimensional ones. They learn by heart and recite poems of 4-8 stanzas. Children who have good hearing sing songs and remember melodies well.

Child's emotional and social development

The psycho-emotional development of children at four years of age is no less intense than their intellectual development. The child learned to cope with his feelings and mastered the basic rules of behavior. He can still be capricious, but not aggressive. Although new problems appear at this age, the baby suddenly becomes withdrawn, sad, and does not show interest in his peers. He is going through another transitional period, a new stage of awareness of himself as an individual. He has already learned to evaluate his actions and understands perfectly well when he acts well and when he acts badly. If a child is often punished for wrong actions, and successes and good behavior are ignored, he develops complexes. The child thinks that no one loves him, that he is bad. When a preschooler is hyperactive, such problems result in uncontrollable behavior. In calm children, they are more likely to manifest themselves as depression.

In order to avoid emotional problems, you need to create a favorable atmosphere in the family. It is important for a child not only how he is addressed, but also the parents’ relationship with each other. Adults need to take seriously the age-related characteristics of a preschooler’s psyche and pay attention to his mood.

Try to understand why he is sad. Perhaps the baby has problems communicating with other children. Maybe the problem is you, you scold him too often, overload him with training. It is worth contacting a specialist when a bad mood is not a random episode, but a constant condition, for 2-3 weeks or a month. Parents should be wary if a preschooler suddenly becomes very aggressive, begins to stutter, or stops making contact with you or with peers.

Social contacts become a necessity for a four-year-old child. He has already mastered the first lessons of communicating with children. Now he is actively mastering his role in games and takes a certain place in the children's team. The child makes friends and enemies, he begins to quarrel and make peace with them. Four-year-old children are less selfish than before, they know how to share toys and treats. Although it happens that a child is greedy and hides his things from others. Try to gently explain that this is not necessary. After all, no one wants to be friends with greedy people. And if today he shares with others, tomorrow they will share with him.

Child's regimen and nutrition

In the period from three to four years, the child completely switches to the table that adults eat. This does not mean that you don’t need to pay attention to his nutrition. After all, the baby is growing and actively developing, he needs energy. Many children at this age lose their appetite and the mother has to be very inventive in order to prepare something for the baby. By the age of four, children eat 4 times a day. Half of the total amount of food should be for breakfast and dinner, a little more than a third for lunch and about 15% for an afternoon snack. The baby’s diet should be complete, including all the main ingredients, vitamins and microelements. Here are the recommended products to use for cooking (also their daily volume):

• Meat (chicken, rabbit, turkey, beef, lean pork) – 120-130 grams.
• Fish, preferably sea fish
• Any cereals – 60-70 grams
• Vegetable oil and butter 10 g and 25 g, respectively
• Curd – 50 g, milk – 500 g
• Various vegetables – 220-260 grams
• Fruits and berries – 220-260 grams
• Bread (white and rye) – 120-150 grams.

For breakfast, your baby can make casseroles from vegetables, cottage cheese with sour cream, porridge with milk, an omelet or a boiled egg. For lunch, the baby must eat soup, fresh salad, vegetable puree, meat or fish, juice or compote. For an afternoon snack, you can give your child fruit, cookies, and yogurt. Dinner should not be too dense. Prepare vegetable stew, pancakes, pasta casserole with fish or chicken. Before going to bed, the baby can drink a glass of milk or kefir. Do not have snacks between meals, otherwise your child’s appetite will spoil.

As before, at the age of four it is necessary to follow a daily routine. The child should do meals, walks, homework and activities at the same time. This is especially important for children who go to kindergarten. If during the holidays you wean him off the regime, it will be physically difficult for him to get used to it again. The baby now sleeps once a day for 1-2 hours. Some children gradually begin to give up daytime sleep; by the age of 6-7 years this will be the majority. At night, a healthy baby practically does not wake up, does not cry, unless he has experienced an emotional shock during the day or is frightened by loud sounds. He sleeps at night for about 9-10 hours, wakes up at 7-8 in the morning, and should fall asleep at 9 in the evening.

Sports activities with a four-year-old child

By the age of four, the baby is already well physically strengthened. He is very active, but his balance is still poorly developed, try to improve it. Exercises on the crossbar, walking on a beam, along a curb or at home on the carpet on tiptoes and on tiptoes will help with this. Try to show how to do a swallow, stand on one leg like a heron.

Age 4 is the time to send your child to the sports section. Do not set yourself the task of making him an outstanding athlete; the child should play sports with pleasure, and not under duress. Do regular exercises with your preschooler, buy him rings, a crossbar, a wall bars, if you haven’t purchased these exercise machines yet.

Teaching language and logical thinking

At four years old, the child learns well. You can start learning a foreign language with him. If you speak it yourself, try studying the language at home. This video, special materials and educational literature, and educational cards will help you with this. Native speech also needs to be improved. Read books together, learn poems, sayings, riddles. It is also worth paying attention to how the child speaks, gently and unobtrusively correcting his mistakes. If he has trouble pronouncing some letters and sounds, he may need to see a speech therapist. There are different methods for correcting speech; a specialist will help you choose the most suitable one.

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The child needs classes to develop logic. Prepare cards with pictures of various objects. Let the child choose from them images with the same properties, eliminating unnecessary ones. They develop logic and various labyrinths from which you need to find a way out. They can be drawn on paper or made from three-dimensional materials. Master counting with your child; he is already able to operate with numbers within ten. To study arithmetic, you can use pictures in a special textbook, counting sticks or regular pencils. By the age of four, children quickly grasp the alphabet. Preschoolers whose parents practice early development already know how to read. If you haven't taught letters with your baby yet, now is the time to start. Be sure to buy a notebook in which your child will learn to write. Many children dream of becoming adults and going to school. They may like the game of teacher and student, and they will be more willing to master the material.

Creative development of the child

Don't forget about creative activities. They are necessary for the harmonious psychological development of the child. Buy him various educational toys and coloring books, try to get your child to engage in visual arts on his own. Lay out the cards in front of him and let him draw whatever he wants on them. It is also not necessary to paint with the colors that are on the sample; it is better when the child shows imagination. Motor skills are improved by modeling; children at the age of 4 can already make quite complex objects, birds, animals, cars, people, and entire compositions from plasticine. In addition, the child must be able to hold scissors in his hands, cut out pictures along the contours, and make appliqués. Creative activities should include dancing and learning songs. Gymnastics should also be done to music, so it will be more interesting and fun for the child.

By the age of four, developmental levels vary from child to child. Some are more creative, others are better at math. Some speak beautifully, recite poetry, while others prefer sports. That is why it is so important to take into account their individual characteristics when raising children. If the child's development and behavior do not go beyond the norm, parents have nothing to worry about. Your baby’s development plan should be his own; you should not compare him with other children. In no case should you overload children with activities, give them endless tests and checks, or force them to develop perseverance. If you overdo it, your child’s interest in learning can be discouraged forever.