Bodies implementing state pension provision. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation is the main body for pension provision. D) Conditions for providing pensions

The pension system in Russia is under state control. The leading organization responsible for making the relevant payments is the Russian Pension Fund.

Public services within the competence of the Pension Fund are provided in all regions of Russia. In addition, through this organization, pensions are received by citizens of foreign countries who, in accordance with current legislation, have the right to receive payments.

The pension fund assigns allowances not only to elderly citizens, as is commonly thought. Despite the fact that most of the fund’s funds are spent on paying old-age insurance pensions, the PFR’s task is to provide for other socially vulnerable categories of citizens - disabled people and minors who have lost their breadwinner.

How one of the largest social institutions of the state, the Pension Fund of Russia has a branched and complex structure, which we will try to understand in the framework of this article.

The year 1956 in Russian history was marked by the famous 20th Congress of the CPSU, where the personality cult of Joseph Stalin was officially debunked, as a result of which fundamental changes were initiated in the social life of Soviet society. However, this date is also significant because with the release of the law “On State Pensions,” workers and employees could count on receiving a monthly cash disability benefit in old age.

Reference! In 1964, this right, although in a somewhat truncated form, also became available to residents of rural areas working on collective farms. Since this time, we can say that the pension system has fully developed in the Soviet Union.

At that time, the country's economy was completely under state control. Local organizations and enterprises were managed within the framework of the Soviet planning doctrine. In this regard, the state, in fact, was the only employer, and therefore the pension was paid from the country’s budget.

At the end of the Soviet era, the economy and public administration system found themselves in a deep crisis. In this regard, the state distanced itself from fulfilling its obligations under the new conditions. On this background in 1990 the Russian Pension Fund was created, which, although it remained a state organization, nevertheless had a certain degree of independence, and the funds at the disposal of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation were not part of the budget at any level.

Over the last decade of the 20th century, the Pension Fund experienced significant difficulties with occupancy, however, as the economic situation in the country improved, the pension system stabilized, although it is being actively reformed, including in the modern period.

Functions of the pension fund today

For the sake of which the decision was made to create the fund, it is the management of funds through which the pension system in the country is provided. This is expressed in the accumulation of money supplied to the fund through mainly insurance contributions, and in the payment of pensions to citizens entitled to it. The Pension Fund of Russia still copes with this task today.

In addition, the functions of this organization include:

• administration of a personalized accounting system;
• co-financing of certain social programs;
• monitoring the receipt of insurance premiums and supervising the fulfillment by policyholders of their obligations under compulsory insurance;
• issuing certificates of maternal capital and monitoring the expenditure of its funds.

Important! At the moment, the Russian Pension Fund is also one of the largest employers - in total, more than 100 thousand people work in its structures.

Pension Fund structure diagram

The large volume of tasks assigned to this organization and the impressive staff determines the complex organizational structure.

The easiest way to present it is in the form of the following diagram:

The main administrative body of the fund is the board. Drozdov A.V. has been the head since 2008. It is the chairman who approves and also makes key decisions on issues related to the functioning of the pension system.

The board also includes deputy chairmen. Each of them specializes in certain areas of the Pension Fund’s activities.

An integral part of the structure of the pension fund is the audit commission. Its task includes internal audit, including checking the validity of spending the organization's budget.

The information center appeared in the structure of the Pension Fund quite recently - in 2015. His activities are aimed at supporting electronic systems in the organization.

About the executive directorate

The executive directorate is headed by one of the deputy chairmen of the PFR board. This is the basic structure that determines the nature of the fund's ongoing activities.

The functions of the executive directorate are:

• determination of the Pension Fund budget, analysis of its revenue and expenditure parts;
• distribution of funds by region;
• carrying out accounting and reporting provided to the board;
• making forecasts regarding the situation of the pension system as a whole.

The Executive Directorate carries out a supervisory function over the activities of local territorial bodies.

Territorial apparatus

The territorial bodies of the Pension Fund have a hierarchical structure. These include:

District departments

There are 8 district departments in total. Their number is equal to the number of federal districts in the country. Their main tasks are:

• supervision of the activities of regional branches
• planning the work of Pension Fund bodies;
• coordination of local management activities;
• implementation of statistical accounting in the jurisdictional territory;
• participation in the formation and preparation of the fund's budget.

Territorial branches

Territorial branches operate in a specific region, where they are responsible for:

• control of collection of contributions;
• coordination of local departments.

Attention! Regional branches receive complaints about unlawful actions of employees of municipal departments of the Pension Fund of Russia in the order of subordination.

Directorates and departments in cities and districts (municipalities)

It is these grassroots structures of the territorial apparatus that directly work with citizens. The responsibilities of their employees include:

• assignment of pension payments, including acceptance of relevant documents;
• accepting applications for maternity capital, issuing certificates;
• delivery of pensions;
• maintaining personalized records;
• administration of insurance premiums;
• consulting on pension issues;
• ensuring co-financing of regional social programs.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation is an extremely important and significant structure, the activities of which affect almost every citizen of our country. For successful and efficient work, an effective structure was developed, which, with minor changes, has existed for almost 30 years.

For more information about the Pension Fund system, watch the video:

Introduction

Pension provision is one of the most important socio-economic problems of modern Russia.

This topic will always be relevant, because it is no secret that all people care about their old age and try to somehow provide for themselves so as not to be left without a livelihood at a disabled age. For many years, the only guaranteed source of income after retirement upon reaching retirement age, or due to loss of ability to work, were state pension payments. Thus, all funds were accumulated in government accounts and then redistributed. Currently, new participants are appearing in the financial market - pension funds, which are not necessarily government agencies. Their goal is to accumulate capital through pension contributions for those people who are interested in their well-being after active employment. Statistical data is necessary when regulating pensions in the country.

Pension statistics have the following tasks:

· collection of data on the number of pension recipients;

· formation of the budget policy of the Pension Fund of Russia and control over its implementation;

· Forecasting and analysis of financial resources of the Pension Fund;

· Maintaining accounting and reporting;

· Current forecasting of long-term development of the pension system.

Completing these tasks is necessary for the successful functioning of the entire pension system. Their decision is based on a combination of a number of sources of information.

General characteristics of pension authorities

Currently in Russia, as noted earlier, there is no unified pension system. There are several reasons for this state of affairs, the main ones being: different sources of funding from which pension provision is provided - funds from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR) and funds allocated from the state budget; various categories of persons - pension recipients - insured citizens and persons employed in the public service system, some other categories of citizens; legally established unequal conditions and norms for the provision of these cash payments, and, accordingly, the level of material support for their recipients, for example, higher pensions for civil servants, etc.

As a result, this led to the fact that a number of federal ministries and departments - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Defense of Russia, the Ministry of Justice of Russia, the FSB of Russia, the Federal Tax Service of Russia, the Prosecutor General's Office of Russia, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation - have independent pension services.

The largest volume of work on pension provision for citizens falls on the Pension Fund and its bodies. This is due to the fact that it “serves” the most common category of persons - insured citizens under the compulsory pension insurance system and, in certain cases established by law - members of their families, persons who voluntarily joined the compulsory pension insurance system, and some other categories. Therefore, in the future we will talk about organizing the work of only the “mass” pension service, which is the Pension Fund.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the system of bodies subordinate to it constitute a single, centralized multi-level system of bodies managing compulsory pension insurance funds in Russia, in which lower-level bodies are accountable to higher-level bodies.

Structurally, it can be presented as follows:

federal level - Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (board, executive directorate);

federal districts of the Russian Federation - departments

PFR in federal districts (structural divisions of the PFR);

level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation - territorial branches of the Pension Fund (in the corresponding regions);

local -- city (district) level -- management

(branches) of the Pension Fund of Russia in districts (cities).

At the federal level The pension system is managed by the board of the Pension Fund and its permanent executive body - the executive directorate.

* In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation there are regional branches of the Pension Fund of Russia,

Local level The pension system consists of pension administrations (branches, departments) located in districts and cities. They mainly perform the functions of assigning and paying pensions.

Based on these principles, the funds of compulsory pension insurance, and accordingly the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, are not state property. They should be considered as the property of the persons insured under this insurance system and the employers who pay insurance contributions to the Pension Fund. Consequently, all funds paid by working citizens in the form of insurance pension contributions must be distributed among pensioners, taking into account their labor contribution. (This usually refers to the duration of employment, that is, the duration of payment of insurance premiums, and the levels of wages from which such contributions were levied.)

From 01/01/2002 Pension reform has been carried out in Russia. New pension laws come into force.

This means that pension payments are added to the basic part of the labor pension, which are calculated based on the total amount of insurance premiums paid by a specific person (or for him), which is recorded in his personal account - how much is credited, so much will be paid after his pension is assigned during the so-called survival period.

In addition, in the structure of pension payments, along with the basic part of the labor pension and its insurance part, storage part.

Many countries have their own pension systems, which differ in a number of parameters. For example, the age at which a person becomes entitled to a pension, the average size and the features of the formation of accruals vary quite widely.

There are two most common principles for forming a pension – distribution and savings. The first one historically developed earlier; it consists in the fact that pensioners receive payments from the funds contributed by working citizens. This scheme is sometimes also called the “principle of intergenerational solidarity.” It is quite convenient in a stable demographic situation, when the ratio of today's pensioners and working citizens changes little. If this ratio is prone to significant fluctuations, then the distribution system may not be effective. In addition, a rather important drawback of this principle is the inability for the future recipient of the pension to significantly influence the amount of payments.

The funded system provides for a direct dependence of the future pension on the contributions of the working person. In this case, all insurance payments are sent to an individual account, based on the data of which the pension is formed when the insured person becomes entitled to it.

Previously, in Russia, pensions were paid on a solidary (distribution) principle, but then it was decided to introduce elements of a funded system into pension provision. The pension was divided into insurance, basic (later included in insurance) and funded parts. Each person can manage the funds of the funded component of the pension independently.

The funded part of the pension is invested, which means it can generate income. How exactly to invest is decided by the insured person himself, however, it is known that the majority of working citizens of the Russian Federation currently do not show much interest in their pension savings, and therefore do not take any part in investing them.

State pension provision is an integral part of the Russian pension system, which, through interbudgetary transfers from the federal budget to the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, provides citizens with state pension provision.

So, a state pension pension (state pension) is a monthly cash payment from the federal budget.

Certain categories of citizens have the right to receive this pension. According to Federal Law No. 166-FZ “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation”, such categories, for example, include civil servants, military personnel, and astronauts.

So, there are several types of state pensions:

1) long service pension;
2) old age pension;
3) disability pension;
4) survivor's pension;
5) social pension.

The fundamental difference between a state pension and pensions within the framework of compulsory pension insurance - insurance and funded - and non-state (non-state pension provision) is the following:

Recipients of pensions are narrow categories of citizens;
- the source of pension payment is the federal budget;
- the responsible fund is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

- federal government employees;
- military personnel;
- astronauts;
- flight test personnel.

Military personnel;
- participants of the Great Patriotic War;
- citizens awarded the badge “Resident of besieged Leningrad”;
- citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters;
- astronauts.

Military personnel;
- citizens injured as a result of radiation or man-made disasters;
- astronauts.

For disability;
- in case of loss of a breadwinner;
- due to old age.

Disabled people of groups I, II and III, including those disabled since childhood;
- disabled children.

Citizens who have reached 65 and 60 years of age (men and women, respectively) who do not have grounds to receive an old-age insurance pension;
- citizens from among the small peoples of the North: men - from 55 years old and women - from 50 years old. The state social pension is paid to them instead of the old-age insurance pension.

State pension provision

The procedure for assigning pensions for state pension provision is regulated by Federal Law No. 166-FZ “On State Pension Security in the Russian Federation”.

State pension provision - ensures the provision of pensions to citizens under state pension provision (state pensions) through interbudgetary transfers from the federal budget to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

The main distinctive feature of state pension provision is that state pensions are financed from the federal budget.

Pensions for state pension provision (state pensions) are assigned to certain categories of citizens, for example:

Civil servants (including military personnel),
socially vulnerable citizens,
participants of the Great Patriotic War, etc.

The state pension (state pension) is a monthly cash payment from the federal budget.

There are several types of state pensions:

State long service pension;
state old age pension;
state disability pension;
state survivor's pension;
social pension.

The fundamental difference between a state pension and pensions under compulsory pension insurance and pensions under non-state pension provision is the following:

Recipients of state pensions are narrow categories of citizens;
the source of payment of the state pension is the federal budget;
The fund responsible for paying the state pension is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

The state pension for long service is assigned to the following categories of citizens:

federal government employees;
military personnel;
astronauts;
flight test personnel.

The state old-age pension is awarded to citizens who have suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters.

The state disability pension is assigned to the following categories of citizens:

Military personnel;
participants of the Great Patriotic War;
citizens awarded the badge “Resident of besieged Leningrad”;
citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters;
to astronauts.

Disabled family members of the deceased are entitled to a state pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner:

Military personnel;
citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters;
astronauts.

Disabled citizens of the categories listed below have the right to a state social pension.

State social pension is of the following types:

For disability;
in case of loss of a breadwinner;
by old age.

The state social disability pension is established:

Disabled people of groups I, II and III, including those disabled since childhood;
disabled children.

The state social pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner is established for children under 18 years of age, and in the case of full-time education in educational institutions - until completion of education, but not longer than 23 years of age, for those who have lost one or both parents, and for children of a deceased single mother.

The state social old-age pension is established:

Citizens who have reached 65 and 60 years of age (men and women, respectively) who do not have grounds to receive an old-age pension: having insurance (work) experience of less than five years;
citizens from among the small peoples of the North: men - from 55 years old and women - from 50 years old. The state social pension is paid to them instead of the insurance pension.

Pension Law

How should a pension be formed in accordance with current pension laws? The current tariff for insurance contributions involves the transfer of 16% of wages to the insurance part of the pension and 6% to the funded part. What is the difference between these two components? The insurance part (it includes the basic component of the pension, which is paid to everyone, as well as a significant part of pension contributions) is used to finance payments to current pensioners. The savings part performs a fundamentally different function - it is “real” money that can bring profit to its owner (a person insured under a compulsory pension insurance agreement).

The pension legislation of the Russian Federation is constantly being reformed. Significant changes occurred, for example, when elements of the funded principle began to be used to form pensions, and not just the distribution system.

One of the most important changes will be the change in the tariff of the funded component. As mentioned above, the current law on pension provision implies the allocation of 6% of contributions to the funded part of the pension. However, starting next year, the so-called “silent ones”, that is, those who did not join one of the non-state funds or did not inform the Pension Fund of their desire to keep the previous tariff, contributions to the funded part will be reduced to 2%.

Current legislation provides for a fairly wide range of possibilities for increasing payments after retirement for working citizens. One of the simplest and most accessible methods is the wise use of the investment, accumulative component of deductions. You can get the maximum benefit from this part of your savings by transferring management rights to it to a non-state pension fund. However, in this case, it is important to choose the right NPF, paying special attention to the balance of the fund’s investment policy, its reliability, operating history, guarantees, and also, of course, profitability indicators.

However, you can increase your pension not only with the help of smart investments and mandatory contributions. Participation in one of the non-state pension programs (NGOs), which provides for voluntary contributions that will be invested, generate income, and after retirement will return to the recipient multiplied, will help you receive a significant increase in basic payments from the state.

Pension provision for military personnel

Officers, with appropriate length of service, can count on permanent housing and a military pension.

Pension provision for military personnel discharged from military service and members of their families is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation No. 4468-1 “On pension provision for persons who served in military service, service in internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, drug control agencies drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penal system, and their families.”

Article 43 of this Law establishes that pensions for military personnel and their families are calculated from monetary allowances. Salaries by position, military rank are taken into account (without taking into account the increase in salaries for service in remote, high-mountain areas and in other special conditions) and a percentage bonus for length of service, including payments in connection with the indexation of monetary allowances. Also, the size of the pensions of dismissed military personnel depends on the duration of military service, positions occupied before dismissal and assigned military ranks.

Article 13 of this Law establishes that the right to a long-service pension is given to persons who have served 20 years or more, as well as persons dismissed from service upon reaching the maximum age for service, health reasons or in connection with organizational and staffing measures and reaching day of dismissal 45 years of age, having a total work experience of 25 calendar years or more, of which at least 12 and a half years are military service.

According to Article 14 of this Law, the long-service pension is established in the following amounts:

For military personnel with 20 years of service or more: for 20 years of service - 50% of the corresponding amounts of pay and for each year of service over 20 years - 3% of the specified amounts of pay, but in total no more than 85% of these amounts;
military personnel with a total work experience of 25 calendar years or more, of which at least 12 and a half years are military service: for a total work experience of 25 years - 50% of the corresponding amounts of pay and for each year of service over 25 years - 1% of the specified amounts monetary allowance.

The increase in pensions for dismissed military personnel is carried out in accordance with Article 49 of this Law simultaneously with an increase in the salaries of military personnel in service, based on the level of increase in the monetary allowance of the corresponding categories of military personnel taken into account when calculating pensions.

For pensions assigned in accordance with this Law to certain categories of citizens, if there are appropriate grounds, it is provided for the establishment of various increases, allowances and raises, calculated as a percentage of the established amount of the social pension:

Increases in the amount of long-service pensions for disabled people and their amounts are established by Article 16 of the Law;
pension supplements for length of service and their amounts are established by Article 17 of the Law;
supplements to the disability pension and their amounts are established by Article 24 of the Law;
Survivor pension supplements and their amounts are established by Article 38 of the Law;
increases in pensions for long service (for disability, in case of loss of a breadwinner) and their amounts are established by Article 45 of the Law.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1091 increased the monthly supplement to pensions established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 176 “On establishing a monthly supplement to pensions for certain categories of pensioners.”

The draft Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On monetary allowances and other payments to military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” was posted on the website of the Ministry of Defense.

This law is the basis for the long-overdue reform of military pay and their pensions.

For all military personnel (both personnel and reserve), paragraph 3 of Article 1 is very important: “Salaries for military positions and salaries for military ranks are increased (indexed) annually in accordance with the federal law on the federal budget for the corresponding year and planning period, taking into account inflation rate (consumer prices).”

That is, the law relieves the military from anyone’s political will, including the top officials of the state, and puts the process of indexing military pensions on a legal basis.

The main thing for military pensioners is paragraph 1 of Article 4:

“Pensions assigned to persons who served in the Armed Forces of the former USSR, the United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the railway troops (military pensions), as well as their families are calculated in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on salary according to military rank, salary according to position and monthly bonus for length of service, which constitute the monetary allowance taken into account when calculating his pension. The specified monetary allowance is taken into account when calculating the pension in the amount of 30 percent and increases annually by 3.5 percent until it reaches 100 percent of its amount.”

Pension authorities

Local pension authorities are the legal successors of the social protection authorities of the district (city) in terms of the assignment, recalculation and payment of labor pensions and state pensions, as well as social benefits for the funeral of deceased pensioners who were not working on the day of death.

Local pension authorities are directly subordinate to the territorial branch of the Pension Fund.

It is the local pension authorities that bear the greatest amount of work in providing citizens with pensions. The content of their work is varied.

They perform a variety of functions, namely:

Acceptance of documents for the assignment of pensions;
- assignment, recalculations, payment of pensions;
- delivery of pensions;
- financial support for pensions;
- interaction with other government bodies and institutions, organizations of all forms of ownership;
- reception of the population on pension issues;
- work with public organizations;
- maintaining individual (personalized) records;
- inspection of organizations of all forms of ownership for compliance with legislation on pensions;
- organizing and conducting educational and methodological work on pension issues, etc.

Let us consider the organization of work of local pension authorities in the main areas of their activity.

Working citizens are represented for pension purposes by organizations, regardless of the form of ownership for which they work, and individual entrepreneurs using the labor of employees.

In organizations, by order (instruction) of the manager, an official is appointed who is responsible for the preparation of documents. In large organizations and enterprises, pension departments or commissions are formed.

Their main task is to correctly draw up documents for assigning a pension and submit them to the local pension authority in a timely manner. Organizations compile lists of people retiring in the next two to three years. The lists indicate the surname, first name, patronymic of the future pensioner, year of birth, date of upcoming retirement, total length of service (TS), preferential length of service (LTS), insurance length of service (SSt), and full home address. One copy of the list is sent to the pension authority of the district (city). During the period of compiling the list, the work books of future pensioners are checked, all types of length of service are calculated (LTS and SS are especially carefully checked). If necessary, missing documents on length of service, earnings, etc. are requested. All this is done in advance, so that by the time the citizen submits the application, all the necessary documents are available.

All enterprises, organizations and institutions located in the territory of the district (city) are distributed among employees of the local pension authority, who open a so-called observation file for each organization.

It stores:

Order (instruction) of the head of the organization on the appointment of a specific person responsible for the preparation of documents;
- lists of people retiring in the coming years;
- a list of production facilities and work with special working conditions.

Every year, an employee of the local pension authority inspects the enterprises, organizations, and institutions assigned to him with an on-site visit. As a result of the inspection, an act is drawn up and filed in the observation file. The heads of the enterprise and the local pension authority become familiar with the contents of the inspection report. In some cases, the results of the inspection are reported to the district (city) administration.

The act reflects the following information:

The total number of employees in the organization;
- availability of an extract from the order (instruction) of the organization’s administration on the appointment of a responsible person (representative) and his deputy;
- the presence or absence of a log of applications and submissions for the assignment of pensions (in the prescribed form), as well as a log or list of persons who, in connection with reaching retirement age, will acquire the right to a pension in two to three years, and a log of applications for recalculation of pensions ( in the prescribed form).

In organizations where there are production facilities or work with special working conditions, there must be extracts from Lists No. 1 and No. 2 of professions and positions that give the right to preferential pensions, the same extracts must be from these lists for the corresponding structural unit of the organization (workshop, department, area, etc.).

Non-state pension provision

Voluntary pension provision is additional to the state one and is implemented by concluding an agreement on non-state pension provision (hereinafter - pension agreement, NGO agreement) with a non-state pension fund (hereinafter - NPF).

Voluntary pension provision is aimed at increasing the size of pensions paid under compulsory pension insurance and involves regular transfer of pension contributions to the NPF over a certain period of time and their increase at the expense of investment income.

In this case, transfers of pension contributions can be made both by individuals in favor of themselves or other individuals, and by organizations in favor of their employees.

In general, non-state pension provision throughout the world is one of the most important points in an employee’s social security compensation package, along with wages, bonuses for the period of work, medical insurance, etc. If an enterprise implements a corporate pension program, future pensions in the form of pension savings are actually a form of deferred wages for employees. Participation of enterprises in pension programs strengthens employee trust in the employer, forms corporate spirit, and increases the rating of the enterprise.

But in Russia, this form of employee motivation is not widespread enough, and therefore, the employees themselves, trying to increase their savings by the time they reach retirement, are looking for the most understandable and effective ways to implement their plans, as an option, with the help of non-state pension provision. And this is reasonable, because the amount of additional pension through the pension system can reach 50%-60% of wages.

Non-state pension provision (NPO) is an additional type of pension provision, which is carried out by concluding an agreement with a non-state pension fund. The main feature of non-state pension provision in the Russian Federation, which distinguishes it from compulsory pension insurance, is the voluntary nature of the provision, as well as the possibility of receiving a pension without work experience. Thus, you can start building your pension yourself at the age of 18. The non-state pension system is aimed at significantly increasing the size of your pension. It involves regular voluntary transfer of contributions to the selected NPF. Due to the investment income received, your future pension will grow every year.

Each person, due to their individual characteristics, earnings and age, has a different understanding of a comfortable and financially independent existence upon reaching retirement age. Participation in a non-state pension program means you choose one of the pension plans. Depending on the scheme you designate, the size of the contribution, the frequency and volume of payments, as well as further terms for calculating the pension are determined and then an NPO agreement is concluded. You can make payments in favor of yourself, your child, or a loved one. If you are an employer, you can make payments in favor of an employee. The corporate pension program, in essence, is an addition to the social packages provided, as well as an opportunity to motivate employees. This not only increases employee trust in the company, but also improves its rating.

Types of pensions

Federal civil servants,
military personnel,
citizens from among the astronauts,
from among the flight test personnel with long experience in the relevant service (work).

If there is a long period of service in the state civil service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal service, pensions for length of service are paid according to the rules determined by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities independently.

The state old-age pension is assigned to citizens who have suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters.

The state disability pension is assigned:

Military personnel,
participants of the Great Patriotic War,
citizens awarded the badge "Resident of besieged Leningrad",
citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters,
citizens from among the astronauts.

The state pension provision in case of loss of a breadwinner is assigned:

In the event of the death of military personnel,
citizens affected by radiation or man-made disasters,
citizens from among the astronauts and members of their families.

A social pension under state pension provision is assigned to disabled citizens who, for various reasons, have not acquired the right to receive appropriate insurance pensions.

For example, the following are entitled to it:

Citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 65 and 60 years, men and women, respectively (and they say that the retirement age has not been raised;
foreign citizens and stateless persons who have permanently resided in the territory of the Russian Federation for at least 15 years and have reached the specified age and whose insurance experience is less than 15 years.

However, such persons will not receive a social pension under the state pension system during the period of their work or other activities, when they are subject to compulsory pension insurance in accordance with the law.

Citizens entitled to simultaneously receive insurance pensions of various types are assigned one pension of their choice.

In cases provided for in paragraph 3 of Art. 3 of Law No. 166-FZ “On State Pensions”, simultaneous receipt of a pension for state pension provision and an insurance pension is allowed (Article 5 of Law No. 400-FZ “On Insurance Pensions”).

For example, citizens who become disabled as a result of a military injury have the right to receive a disability pension (clause 1, clause 3, article 3 of Law N 166-FZ “On State Pension Provision”) and an old-age insurance pension (clause 3, part 1, art. 32 of Law N 400-FZ “On Insurance Pensions”).

Pension provision for civil servants

Citizens of the Russian Federation who are insured in accordance with the Federal Law “On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation” have the right to a labor pension, provided they comply with the conditions stipulated by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation.”

In accordance with the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation,” the following types of pensions are established:

Labor old-age pension;
disability labor pension;
labor pension in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Men who have reached the age of 60 and women who have reached the age of 55 have the right to an old-age pension.

The conditions for assigning labor pensions are determined by Chapter II of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”.

The insurance period includes periods of work and (or) other activities that were performed on the territory of the Russian Federation, provided that during these periods insurance contributions were paid to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

A labor pension (part of a labor pension) is assigned from the date of application for the specified pension (for the specified part of a labor pension), except for the cases provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 19 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, but in all cases not earlier than the day the right to the specified pension (the specified part of the labor pension) arises.

The day of application for a labor pension (part of a labor pension) is considered to be the day the body providing pensions receives the corresponding application with all the necessary documents.

To assign an old-age pension, you must submit the following documents:

Passport;
Employment history;
Military ID;
Insurance certificate of compulsory pension insurance;
Personal account number in Sberbank of Russia through which pension payments will be made.

Federal Law No. 166-FZ “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation”, according to which federal civil servants with at least 15 years of experience in the state civil service and holding a position in the federal state civil service for at least 12 full months are entitled to a pension for length of service upon dismissal from the federal public service on certain grounds.

The conditions for granting a pension to federal civil servants are determined by Article 7 of this Federal Law.

A pension for length of service is established for persons who filled public positions of federal civil servants, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1574 “On the register of positions in the federal public civil service,” as well as public positions in the federal public service provided for by the lists of public positions in the federal public service, which are the relevant sections Register of positions in the federal state civil service of the Russian Federation, approved by relevant decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

Federal state civil servants with at least 25 years of experience in the state civil service and dismissed from the federal civil service on the basis provided for in paragraph 3 of part 1 of Article 33 of the Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, before acquiring the right to an old-age retirement pension ( disability) are entitled to a long service pension if, immediately before dismissal, they held positions in the federal public civil service for at least 7 years.

The long-service pension is established in addition to the old-age (disability) labor pension assigned in accordance with the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” and is paid simultaneously with it.

To apply for a long service pension, you must submit the following documents:

Employment history.
A copy of the dismissal order.
A certificate of the average monthly earnings of a federal civil servant for the last 12 full months immediately before dismissal from the federal civil service.
A certificate from the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation about the amount of the pension received for the month when the documents will be drawn up.
A copy of the pension certificate.
Copy of military ID.
Copy of the passport.
No. of the personal account in Sberbank of Russia through which payments of labor pension for old age (disability) are made.

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 570 “On the procedure for including periods of service (work) in public positions of the federal public service in civil service positions for federal civil servants and other positions of federal civil servants, determined by President of the Russian Federation,” the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, by order No. 1648n, approved the Procedure for calculating and confirming the length of civil service for assigning a long-service pension to federal civil servants.

Pension provision procedure

Pension provision for military personnel is regulated by Federal Law No. 4468-1.

He calls those eligible for a military pension who:

Served as officers, warrant officers, midshipmen or contract privates in the troops of the Ministry of Defense and other law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation or the USSR (KGB, FAPSI, internal troops, border service, foreign intelligence agencies, civil defense, state security, etc.), as well as those created temporarily after the collapse of the USSR, the armed forces of the CIS;
served as officers or privates in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the fire service (in different years it belonged to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and was even an independent department) or authorities controlling illegal drug trafficking.

They are also equivalent to:

Former conscripts and women who served as privates or senior officers;
conscripts - participants in the Second World War and command staff of partisan detachments - participants in the Second World War.

There are 3 types of pensions: for length of service, for disability and in connection with the death of the breadwinner.

This type of pension provision for military personnel is provided to the following categories:

Citizens dismissed from service who have at least 20 years of service in one or more law enforcement agencies;
persons dismissed no earlier than 45 years of age due to age, staff reduction, illness, and persons who have served at least 12.5 years, provided that their total work experience is 25 years (this includes work experience under the old legislation and insurance experience).

The basis here is the salary for the position and rank in which the citizen left, but as of the current moment (the pension is recalculated whenever salaries are increased). The allowance consists of salary according to position, salary according to rank and bonus for length of service.

However, Art. 46 of the mentioned law establishes an interesting rule: for the purposes of calculating pensions, monetary allowance is taken in the estimated amount of 54% of its real value. Every year the calculated amount must increase by 2% (the law on the federal budget may provide for an increased increase) in order to gradually reach the full amount of allowance.

Calculation of pension amount:

For 20 years of service in law enforcement agencies or for 12.5 years of service with a total experience of 25 years - 50% of the RDD;
for each year of service over 20 years, another 3% is added;
for exceeding 25 years of total work experience - 1% for each year.

In this case, the pension cannot exceed 85% of the RDV.

To receive a disability pension, military personnel must have a disability:

Arose during the period of service or within 3 months after dismissal;
came later, but arose due to illness (or injury) received in the service.

Thus, people with disabilities are distinguished:

Due to an injury received in service (they are entitled to a pension in the amount of half the RDA for disability group III and 85% for groups II and I);
due to an illness acquired during military service (they are paid a pension of 75% of the RDA for disabled people of groups I and II and 40% for group III).

When calculating supplements to all types of military pensions, the minimum social old-age pension is taken as the estimated amount of the pension (according to the law “On State Pensions”). That is, a 100% increase is equal to the current old-age pension.

This supplement is given to pensioners who are not working and meet one of the following criteria:

Having at least 3 dependents who do not receive a pension;
reaching the age of 55 years for women or 60 years for men (for disability pensioners);
reaching the age of 80 (for long-service pensioners).

With 2 dependents the allowance is 64%, with 1 - 32%.

The following are eligible to receive this pension:

Disabled children, stepchildren and spouses of military personnel, if they have lost their source of livelihood;
family members caring for disabled children, parents, brothers, sisters of the deceased breadwinner, under 14 years of age, and for this reason not working;
disabled family members - dependents of the deceased;
spouses of persons who died as a result of a military injury, caring for a common child under the age of 8 years (regardless of age, ability to work and availability of work);
parents and spouses of persons who died as a result of a military injury, if they are disabled, or after they reach the age of 50 (women) and 55 (men) years (regardless of their ability to work and whether they were dependent on the deceased serviceman);
stepfather and stepmother - according to the rules for parents, if they raised and supported the deceased for at least 5 years.

The pension is determined as a percentage of the RDV, similar to the length of service pension:

50% - to the relatives of a person who died from a military injury;
40% - to the relatives of a person who died from a disease acquired at his place of service.

Supplements to the survivor's pension are set at 100% of the social old-age pension for family members who are disabled in group I or have reached 80 years of age; in the amount of 32% - for disabled children or disabled children of groups I and II who have lost all their existing parents.

Each wife of a deceased military pensioner is entitled to a certain set of benefits. The presence or absence of a specific benefit is influenced by many factors: the nature of the husband’s service, the circumstances of his death, etc.

The benefits that a widow of a military pensioner can receive include:

Benefits for paying for housing and communal services;
home renovation benefits;
tax benefits;
compensation for travel to a sanatorium-resort institution and the burial place of a serviceman (once a year);
one-time reimbursement of expenses for moving to a new place of residence, including expenses for transporting property.

We can conclude that to calculate military pensions it is necessary:

Find out the salary for the position and rank in which the serviceman retired (or died), taking into account bonuses for length of service;
find out, according to the current law on the federal budget, the estimated amount of monetary allowance (as of today - 62.12% of the real one);
multiply the received amount by the percentage to calculate the pension specified in the law on pensions for persons who served in military service for the corresponding category of pensioners.

This is how we calculated the size of the pension. If a pensioner is entitled to bonuses, we count them too. We calculate the applicable premium as a percentage of this amount.

Thus, the size of the pension of military personnel is calculated according to the percentage of monetary allowance established by the law on the federal budget; the amount of bonuses based on the percentage of the old-age pension specified in the legislation on state pension provision.

Early retirement provision

They acquire this right subject to several conditions.

The first condition is that there must be citizens of the Russian Federation registered in the compulsory pension insurance system.

The second condition is the presence of the insurance period specified in Article 27 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”.

The third condition is the presence of experience in relevant types of work with difficult and harmful working conditions.

The fourth condition is reaching the appropriate age (in some cases, regardless of age) provided for by law.

For a certain category of workers, an old-age labor pension can be assigned early, regardless of the length of insurance coverage. For example, women who have worked in the textile industry for 20 years in relevant jobs are granted an old-age pension early upon reaching 50 years of age without requiring insurance experience, since in this case the required period of work for a woman in the textile industry of 20 years coincides with the duration of the insurance period , which is necessary for assigning an old-age pension to women on a general basis in accordance with the Law.

Some employees may be granted early pension regardless of age and regardless of the length of their insurance period. In this case, it is enough to work a certain number of years in the relevant types of work. For example, an old-age labor pension is assigned early to APs, regardless of age and insurance experience, to rescuers of professional emergency rescue services and units of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief who have worked for at least 15 years as rescuers.

In all other cases, an indispensable condition for acquiring the right to early assignment of an old-age labor pension is that the insured person has experience in the relevant types of work with difficult and harmful working conditions, as provided for in Article 27 of the Law.

Experience in relevant types of work is the total duration of periods of work in certain industries in professions and positions or in certain types of work provided for in Article 27 of the Law and the relevant Lists.

The mechanism for establishing length of service in the relevant types of work is of a special nature, therefore the procedure for calculating periods of work giving the right to early assignment of an old-age pension is regulated by separate regulatory legal acts.

In particular:

Rules for calculating periods of work giving the right to early assignment of an old-age labor pension in accordance with Articles 27 and 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 516;
- and clarification No. 5, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 29, which applies to the extent that does not contradict the Law and Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 516.

Rules No. 516 regulate general issues regarding the procedure for calculating individual periods of work for all categories of workers enjoying the right to early assignment of an old-age pension in accordance with Article 27 of the Law.

However, taking into account the special working conditions of certain categories of workers to whom an old-age pension is assigned early in accordance with this article, the procedure for calculating the periods of their work may be established by separate rules approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the procedure for calculating periods of work giving the right to early assignment of an old-age pension to civil aviation flight personnel is regulated by the above Rules, as well as the Rules approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 537.

The main contingent of recipients of early labor old-age pensions is contained in Lists No. 1 and No. 2 of industries, works, professions, positions and indicators that give the right to preferential pension provision, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 10 (hereinafter referred to as Lists No. 1 and No. 2) , as well as in Lists No. 1 and No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 1173 (hereinafter referred to as Lists No. 1 and No. 2 ).

To correctly determine the right to additional professional training is to establish, on the basis of relevant documents, the full compliance of the work actually performed or performed by a specific employee with the work and production that are provided for in the Lists.

Pension problems

In the conditions of a state planned economy and a relatively favorable demographic situation, the distribution system worked reliably and quite efficiently. State pensions provided coverage for the minimum needs of pensioners. The average pension was about 40% of the average salary.

Due to a complex of economic (transition from planned to market principles of economic functioning, privatization of most enterprises, reduction in real wages, rising cost of living, etc.), demographic and a number of other reasons, the purchasing power of state pensions has fallen to a level that does not provide pensioners with satisfaction minimum needs.

Despite the measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation to increase the size of pension payments, recently there has been no noticeable improvement in the financial situation of pensioners.

At the same time, the level of state pension is at an extremely low level, not covering the minimum needs of a pensioner. Moreover, the higher a person’s earnings, the lower the replacement rate (for a significant part of workers it is below 10–15%).

This figure is significantly lower not only than in developed countries, but also in developing countries, where it is 60–70%. According to the standards of the International Labor Organization (ILO), for developing countries the minimum pension level should not be lower than 40% of average earnings.

Thus, the level of pensions in Russia does not cover the minimum needs of pensioners.

In the near future the situation may worsen significantly. A sharp increase in the load on the pension system is predicted (retirement of workers born during the post-war baby boom) against the backdrop of an accelerated aging process, which will require additional costs for pension provision. At the same time, the aging process of the population is accelerating, the main reasons for which are the decline in the birth rate and the high mortality rate of the working-age population. In many regions, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births by more than twice. And over the next 10–15 years, the trend of natural population decline will continue.

As a result, there is a gradual decrease in the specific share of those participating in the production process and an increase in the pension burden on workers. The consequence of this is an increase in the pension burden on the working population. Currently, only 5 workers provide pensions for 4 pensioners with their contributions. And in the next decade, this ratio between workers and pensioners will approach one to one (whereas for normal operation of the distribution system, the ratio should be at least 3 workers per 1 pensioner).

According to the forecast of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the PFR) and according to the forecast made by World Bank specialists, the ratio of the average pension to the average wage of workers (in fact, the level of purchasing power of the state pension) will worsen. Experts conclude that even if the pension reform is successfully carried out, the level of pension provision due to economic and demographic factors will not only not improve, but will most likely decrease. There is a decline in the birth rate and a deterioration in the ratio between the working and non-working population. At the same time, an increase in the tax burden is not expected. On the contrary, there is a gradual decrease in the unified social tax. Under these conditions, for objective reasons, pension growth lags behind wage growth. In other words, the real purchasing power of the state pension in the coming years will not only not increase, but will noticeably decrease.

The main reasons for the chronically low level of pensions:

1) low wages;
2) disinterest of employers and the population in increasing contributions to the Pension Fund. The consequence is the high debt of payers (industrial and agricultural enterprises) to the Pension Fund of Russia;
3) the pension system is burdened with a large number of preferential pensions, the source of payment of which are contributions received for all insured persons. This leads to sharp disproportions between the size of contributions to the Pension Fund and the level of their pension. The high level of burden of the state Pension Fund with obligations coming from the USSR (a large number of types of preferential pensions that are not secured by additional sources of income), which does not allow ensuring an adequately high level of pensions (replacement rate) due to the relatively high unified social tax.
4) a significant sharp deterioration in the demographic situation (declining birth rate, high mortality in working age, etc.) leads to a reduction in the number of workers, through whose salary deductions pension payments are provided to current retirees.
5) underdevelopment of the system of additional pension provision at the expense of employers and employees. Complete dependence of pensioners’ income on payments from the state pension system. The persistence of the stereotype that pensions, like other areas of social security (health care, education, etc.) are the sphere of concern only of the state. The state is fully responsible for citizens’ pensions (pay taxes and don’t think about the future). There is no understanding of the need to develop additional sources of funding for pensions. Reluctance of the state to develop NGOs. At the same time, the state does not create tangible economic and socio-psychological incentives for employers and employees to create additional sources of increasing pensions. Poor awareness of the population about pension reform and the prospects for a decrease in the purchasing power of pensions. Non-state pension funds cover only 6% of the population - the most profitable large corporations of export-oriented industries (fuel and energy complex, metallurgy, etc.), introducing Western wage standards, and natural monopolies. The overwhelming majority of the population does not have the opportunity to accumulate additional pensions in non-state pension funds - they are not available in the regions.

Thus, without major changes, the current pension system in the Russian Federation cannot stop the growing negative trends in reducing the level of pensions. Compensating for this decline will require additional pension costs.

Assignment of pension benefits

Each citizen, subject to the previously listed conditions, must appear at the territorial Pension Fund of Russia and write an application for the assignment of pension payments. He brings certain documents with him. Their list varies depending on the category of citizen.

Most often required:

An application of the established form (taken from the Pension Fund of Russia and filled out there);
ID card (passport);
SNILS;
details of the account to which the money will be transferred (preferably, but not required);
certificates of family composition (optional);
birth certificates of all children;
military ID (for men);
certificates indicating certain non-work periods that will be considered work;
work book;
documents confirming business activities (if available).

No more certificates will be required. The assignment and payment of pensions is carried out as quickly as possible. The list of required papers varies depending on the situation. Most often, it is necessary to attach certificates of disability.

From now on, it is clear how a labor pension or any other pension is assigned. We also know about systems for calculating pension payments. In the Russian Federation, the formation of the funded part of pensions has recently become of great importance. Often, citizens make voluntary contributions to non-state pension funds in order to later receive certain funds from the established fund.

Preferential pension provision

The main indicator when calculating a preferential pension is length of service in hazardous working conditions.

Preferential old-age pensions are available to categories of citizens, regardless of their last place of work:

Persons working in underground work.
women engaged in collecting and processing tobacco.
full-time employees whose positions are indicated in lists No. 1 and No. 2.
drivers of urban public transport and trucks.
tractor drivers engaged in agricultural work.

To receive preferential pension benefits, provide a certificate of your place of work that meets the conditions for receiving benefits from the Pension Fund. The assignment of benefits to labor veterans and pensioners in accordance with Lists No. 1 and No. 2 must be confirmed by certification results of working conditions. The frequency of certification is carried out at least once every 5 years by the company’s collective agreement. The head of the company is responsible for the quality of certification.

The Pension Fund does not often provide preferential pensions on the second list. Due to numerous violations of certification rules that distort the facts and violate the pension rights of employees. According to information received from trade unions, at many enterprises certification is carried out with great violations, and at some it is not carried out at all. Preferential pension provision can count only five years of service spent in hazardous work. Such actions primarily affect employees who cannot receive tax benefits for pensioners due to incomplete compliance with the certification conditions. The employee is forced to contact various departments and even defend his rights in court.

The procedure for receiving a preferential pension in accordance with Lists No. 1 and No. 2 requires attention from the state. The fact is that the existing mechanism for reimbursement of such pensions is quite burdensome for enterprises, so they avoid it. At the moment, to solve this problem, the Ministry of Labor together with the FPU are studying this problem in order to correct the situation without consequences on the part of workers and employers.

Calculation of old-age pension payments: to whom they are assigned, how and in what time frame. Features of the calculations: what affects the value, what is included in the length of service, how the coefficients are determined, description of the formula used. Possible problems when applying for an appointment to the Pension Fund.

Pension benefits for doctors, or rather, early retirement, are provided for by the federal law on labor pensions.

Preferential pensions, transportation costs, budget payments, benefits for working pensioners, financial assistance and medical care.

Calculation of old-age pension payments: to whom they are assigned, how and in what time frame. Features of the calculations: what affects the value, what is included in the length of service, how the coefficients are determined, description of the formula used. Possible problems when applying for an appointment to the Pension Fund.

Mandatory pension provision

Compulsory pension insurance is a set of legal, economic, coordination measures developed by the state, which is aimed at compensating citizens of the country for any types of earnings that they previously had before the start of retirement age.

Insurance subjects include government bodies at various levels from federal to local administrative centers, policyholders, insurers, and insured persons.

Pension insurance is called compulsory if it operates legally by involving all categories of the country's population in it. There are state and non-state pension funds operating in the country, which provide pensions.

The organizational structure for assigning pensions that has developed in the Russian Federation is divided into:

Mandatory pension provision, which is assigned in the event of old age, disability, or loss of a breadwinner;
voluntary, covering pensions paid through contributions paid by employers together with independent pension savings of citizens.

Non-state pension funds are given the right to operate under both structures.

Pension security is a monetary benefit represented by a set amount that is regularly paid by the state to a recipient who has reached a certain age or upon completion of employment as a benefit.

The pension is paid from the time when the above events occur until the end of life.

It is divided into parts:

Basic or social, it is paid by the state regardless of the salary received, the amount of insurance contributions paid to all persons who have reached retirement age and have a minimum work experience of five years;
insurance, depending on the amount of payments made to the Pension Fund under the insurance contract while the labor activity lasted. It is calculated as the ratio of the pension capital accumulated before the day the pension was assigned and the number of months of waiting for payments, which is equal to 228 months or 19 years;
funded, which is influenced by accumulated pension contributions, so younger age categories of citizens can apply for it.

The regulation of the procedure in the Federation by the state is based on the norms of the Federal Law, issued No. 167-FZ, which defines the legal role of the subjects, the regulations of their legal relations, the grounds for their emergence and methods of exercising rights and obligations, and the level of responsibility of each subject is noted.

The adopted Federal Law “On Compulsory Pension Insurance” made it possible to implement a pension reform, according to which citizens of the country had to become insured persons.

It provided for the opening of individual personal accounts for citizens with insurance, where the employer regularly transferred insurance premiums every month in his favor when calculating wages. These payments accumulate, forming a future pension for work activities.

Insurance premiums in the personal account are invested in the financial market, due to which a certain additional amount is formed, which is added to the accumulated funds.

The savings part is at the full disposal of the State Management Company, which keeps it in the current account of Vnesheconombank. Every citizen in the Russian Federation has the right to dispose of the funded part of the pension at his own discretion, and he also determines the method of investment.

If there are no proposals from him for the use of accumulated funds, then they are transferred from the Pension Fund to the account of the State Management Company. However, a citizen has the right to make a contribution to a non-state foundation, transferring to it the rights to trust management.

A lifelong pension will be paid to a citizen of the Russian Federation upon reaching the retirement age. It will include accumulated funds and income received as a result of their subsidies.

Compulsory pension insurance, as part of the pension system of the Russian Federation, performs functions that make it possible to protect citizens in cases of insurance risks.

It is carried out by the Pension Fund, which performs the functions of an insurer, whose responsibilities include:

Exercising control over the correct calculation of insurance premiums and their timely transfer to the Pension Fund in full;
appointment and implementation of timely payments for all types of insurance pensions, taking information from an individual account as a basis;
verification of documents for accrual of compulsory insurance coverage;
drawing up a draft PF budget and ensuring its implementation;
ensuring the targeted use of financial resources;
accounting for incoming finances;
registration and deregistration of policyholders;
monitoring the receipt of insurance premiums from individuals who voluntarily entered into legal relations;
creation of a state database on various groups of policyholders;
providing regulations that allow maintaining a special part of an individual account;
ensuring the organization of timely accounting of income received from investing funds;
free consultations at all levels of regional bodies of insured persons and policyholders;
accepting applications from individuals to voluntarily enter into legal relations;
consulting, informing insured persons regarding the payment of additional contributions, posting information on the official website of the Pension Fund, the media;
performing the functions of a personal data operator;
determining the amount of insurance payments accrued to the insurance and funded parts of pensions.

The main goal is to provide citizens of retirement age with a decent standard of living, for which conditions are created for them to have an additional pension.

State bodies, together with non-state pension funds, have developed a number of special programs that are focused on the introduction, improvement and development of mechanisms for implementing pension insurance.

Compulsory pension insurance programs are attractive because they have flexible regulatory conditions that can be implemented easily and quickly according to the requests of a specific insured person.

Its advantages are:

If the period during which the accumulation is made ends, the accumulated funds can be withdrawn in full or received in equal monthly installments for the rest of your life;
if the insured person dies before the end of the accumulation period, then they are transferred to the heirs;
if the insured person is unable to make contributions for any period of time, then the amount of the future pension is recalculated depending on the amount accumulated until the suspension of payments;
If the insured person dies, the successor is paid the funds collected up to that time. The payment deadline is specified in the contract or when amendments are made to it, but before payments begin.

A pension insurance contract is an agreement concluded by a pension fund and the policyholder in the interests of the insured person or his legal successor, according to which the fund undertakes to assign and pay to him upon reaching retirement age the cumulative part of his labor pension or to make payments to his legal successors in the event of his death.

The agreement describes:

Rights and obligations of the Pension Fund, the insured person;
accounting for savings received from the insured person and their subsidies;
regulations, conditions of appointment, making payments from the funded part of the labor pension;
the procedure for issuing the savings of a deceased insured person to legal successors;
liability of subjects for committed offenses related to the fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations assigned to them by agreement in accordance with the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation;
the procedure for introducing amendments, requirements for termination;
duration of validity.

The agreement takes legal force from the day when the funds transferred by the former insurer arrive at the current account of the selected fund. The pension insurance agreement is one of the types of personal, it is two-sided and non-generalized.

In addition, it is necessary to note the personal data of the insured person, information about the nature of the insured event, the amount of the insurance amount, and details.

The current Federal Law defines the concepts of “insurance risk” and “insured event”. In accordance with it, insurance risks include the loss of earnings by the insured person in the form of payments, rewards or other types of income upon the occurrence of an insured event.

An insured event is an event specified in the contract that has occurred, therefore the insurer is obliged to make an insurance payment to the insured person or his successor.

These include events or a combination of them:

Arrival of retirement age;
disability due to illness, traffic accidents;
loss of a person who is the sole breadwinner.

As for the benefits received by the person insured under the pension insurance program, they undoubtedly exist.

First of all, they consist of providing the services of a personal consultant who explains the intricacies and nuances of pension insurance. Secondly, to attract and retain valuable personnel, most employers enter into a corporate insurance agreement to provide a pension, while receiving tax benefits.

Old age pension

1. Pension provision for long service. Payments are assigned to federal civil servants, military personnel, astronauts, and flight test personnel in order to compensate for earnings when working in certain areas of activity.
2. State old age benefits. They are established for certain categories of citizens who suffered as a result of exposure to radiation during the Chernobyl disaster.
3. Disability pension. Military personnel, participants in the Great Patriotic War, astronauts, as well as victims of radiation disasters, i.e., can count on it. persons who became disabled during service or due to the Chernobyl accident.
4. Payment on the death of the breadwinner. Family members of military personnel and astronauts who suffered as a result of disasters have the right to such a pension.
5. Social pension. Assigned to citizens who do not have insurance coverage and have the status of “disabled.”

The state pension is financed from the country's federal budget.

The tragedy that occurred in 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was a huge shock for the entire USSR. The echoes of the Chernobyl disaster will continue to be felt for hundreds of years, including on the territory of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the Government’s desire to provide a state pension to both those affected by this accident and those involved in the liquidation of these terrible events is quite understandable.

As a result of this disaster, many territories were uninhabitable. There are several zones:

Exclusion Zone;
resettlement zone;
residence zone with the right to resettle;
area of ​​residence with preferential socio-economic status.

In accordance with the law “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation”, the following have the right to a state pension:

1. Citizens who suffered radiation exposure and other diseases as a result of the events of 1986.
2. Disabled people due to the disaster.
3. Liquidators of the consequences of the accident from 1986 to 1990.
4. Workers of the exclusion zone.
5. Evacuated citizens, including unborn children.
6. Persons permanently residing and working in the residential area.

The state old-age pension can only be assigned to persons who suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters.

Such pension provision can be assigned either according to the Federal Law “On State Pension Provision”, or according to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Social Protection of Citizens Exposed to Radiation as a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Disaster”.

In any case, certain conditions must be met to grant a pension. One of them is reaching the legal age and having a certain amount of experience.

To establish a state pension, you must have 5 years of work experience, and the age of assignment depends on the category of the victim.

One of the conditions for the appointment of state pension provision is reaching the legal age.

However, different categories of citizens may retire at different times. Thus:

Participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987, evacuated citizens from the exclusion zone and people with disabilities as a result of this tragedy have the right to retire at the age of 50 for men and at 45 for women;
liquidating the consequences of the disaster in the period from 1988 to 1990, as well as citizens who were exposed to radiation, people employed in the operation of nuclear power plants and work in the exclusion zone can receive a pension at 55 (men) and 50 years (women).

Citizens resettled from the resettlement zone, as well as people working in this zone, can retire on preferential terms. In this case, the general established retirement age is reduced by three years plus another six months for each year lived or worked in the zone, but in total no more than 7 years.

Citizens who have a permanent place of residence in a zone of residence with the right to resettle, as well as those who have moved from this zone, can reduce the age for assigning a pension payment by a total of 5 years - 2 years + 1 year for every three years lived.

For citizens permanently residing in a residential area with a preferential socio-economic status, the retirement age is reduced by 1 year plus 1 year for every 4 years lived in a contaminated place, but not more than 3 years.

As mentioned earlier, the amount of state pension provision for citizens affected by the Chernobyl disaster depends entirely on the established basic size of the social pension.

After becoming eligible for a state pension, you must apply for its appointment at any time to the Pension Fund of Russia:

This can be done in person or through a legal representative.
It is also possible to apply without leaving your home - through your Personal Account on the official website of the Pension Fund of Russia.

Payments are made in the month following the date of pension provision. The state old-age pension is awarded until the end of life.

To assign a state old-age pension, you must provide the Pension Fund with a basic package of documents, which contains:

1. passport;
2. application for pension provision;
3. information about the insurance period.

It must be borne in mind that in addition to the listed list of documents, depending on the category of payment recipients, you may need other information and certificates confirming involvement in the Chernobyl disaster, which gives the right to an old-age pension from the state.

Also, it should be noted that in papers containing information about periods of work, it is necessary to indicate the date and number of issue, full name, period of work, as well as the grounds for their issuance.

State pension payments are made every month and are assigned until the end of life.

The pensioner, at his own discretion, chooses the organization that will deliver the funds:

1. Russian Post. The pension is delivered to your home, or, at the request of the recipient of the payments, the money can be received at the post office.
2. Bank. You can receive it at the office of a credit institution, or apply for a bank card.
3. An organization engaged in the delivery of pensions. There are also two options for receiving payments: in person at the office or at home.

The recipient of pension payments can change both the organization and the method of delivery of funds at any time; to do this, you just need to submit an application to the Pension Fund.

Those affected by the 1986 events in Chernobyl are entitled to several types of pensions:

1. For state benefits for old age or disability.
2. For old age (disability) insurance pension.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 400-FZ, an old-age insurance pension can be assigned if there are 9 years of work experience and a number of points equal to 13.8.

Disability pension insurance is established if there is at least one fixed working day.

The pensioner himself has the right to choose the most profitable pension payment option for himself. However, it is impossible to assign two pensions at once; a decision should be made in favor of one pension.

Pension provision for disabled people

The assignment of labor pensions for disability is made based on the disability group, regardless of the degree of limitation of the disabled person’s ability to work. Citizens duly recognized as disabled people of groups I, II or III have the right to a disability retirement pension. The size of the fixed basic size of the labor disability pension is established depending on the disability group.

At the same time, for citizens recognized as disabled in the prescribed manner, the size of labor pensions is determined without additional re-examination as follows:

For group I disability - disabled people of group I, regardless of the existing degree of limitation of the ability to work, disabled people of group I who do not have a degree of limitation in the ability to work, as well as disabled people of groups II and III who have limitations in the ability to work of the third degree;
for disability group II - disabled people of group II who have a disability of I or II degree, disabled people of group II who do not have a degree of limitation in their ability to work, as well as disabled people of group III who have a disability of II degree;
for disability group III - disabled people of group III who have a disability of the first degree, and disabled people of group III who do not have a degree of limited ability to work.

Changes in legislative norms make it possible to increase the size of the pension for those who have a disability group higher than the degree of disability, as well as to assign a pension to disabled people who do not have: a degree of limitation in their ability to work.

Changes in legislation on disability retirement pensions are regulated by Federal Law No. 213-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Recognition of Invalidity of Certain Legislative Acts (Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Insurance Contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and territorial compulsory medical insurance funds."

If you have already received a disability pension before, you do not need to do anything special. The recalculation of the amount of labor pensions for disability and monthly cash payments to disabled people is carried out by the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation without additional re-examination and without requiring an application. Pension Fund specialists have already recalculated the amount of your labor disability pension, taking into account the disability group. If you, being a disabled person, have not yet received a labor disability pension, then you need to contact the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation with an application for a labor disability pension.

A labor disability pension is assigned for the period during which the corresponding person is recognized as disabled, or until the date of reaching the generally established retirement age (55 years for women, 60 years for men) with five years of insurance experience. If a citizen does not have the right to an old-age labor pension - until the date of reaching the age for the assignment of a social old-age pension (60 years for women, 65 years for men). In this case, the old-age labor pension and the old-age social pension are established from the day the above-mentioned age is reached, subject to appropriate conditions, in an amount that is not less than the size of the disability labor pension established for the person as of the day of termination of payment of the specified labor disability pension. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation will notify the pensioner of the assignment of the appropriate pension within 10 days from the date of the decision to assign an old-age labor pension or a social old-age pension.

If you do not work and receive a disability pension, and its amount in combination with the following payments:

Additional material (social) support;
monthly cash payment (including the cost of a set of social services);
other measures of social support (assistance) established by the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in monetary terms (with the exception of measures of social support provided at a time);
cash equivalents of social support measures for paying for telephone use, for paying for residential premises and utilities, for paying for travel on all types of passenger transport (urban, suburban and intercity), as well as cash compensation for the costs of paying for these services below the subsistence level of a pensioner in your region , You have the right to apply for a social supplement.

If in your region the cost of living for a pensioner is lower than the cost of living for a pensioner in the Russian Federation, the territorial body of the Pension Fund of Russia establishes a federal social supplement. If the cost of living of a pensioner in the region where you live is greater than the cost of living of a pensioner in the Russian Federation as a whole, then the social protection authorities of the population of the subject of the Federation establish a regional social supplement. The social supplement to citizens who were assigned a pension was established on the basis of information available to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and regional social protection authorities. For persons who applied for pensions after this date, a social supplement is established upon their application simultaneously with the assignment of pensions. If you have questions related to the establishment or amount of a social surcharge, you must contact the authority that establishes this surcharge.

Conditions of pension provision

1. age – achievement of the generally established retirement age (60/55 years for men/women, respectively);
2. experience - having at least 5 years of insurance experience.

Insured persons, among others, include citizens of Russia:

Hired employees (working under an employment contract or under a civil law contract, the subject of which is the performance of work and the provision of services, as well as under an author's order agreement, authors of works receiving payments and other remuneration under agreements on the alienation of the exclusive right to works of science and literature , art, publishing license agreements, license agreements granting the right to use works of science, literature, art), for which the transfer of contributions to the Pension Fund by their employer is mandatory;
- self-sufficient workers or so-called “self-employed” (individual entrepreneurs, lawyers, notaries engaged in private practice), paying contributions for themselves in a fixed amount;
- persons paying contributions on their own voluntarily;
- working abroad, if they voluntarily entered into legal relations under compulsory pension insurance and pay insurance contributions to the Pension Fund for themselves (unless otherwise provided by an international treaty of the Russian Federation);
- self-employed people who, as insurers, pay insurance premiums in a fixed amount, in part exceeding this amount;
- individuals for whom insurance contributions for compulsory pension insurance are not paid, but for whom another individual, on a voluntary basis, pays insurance contributions to the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Insured persons also include individuals permanently or temporarily residing in Russia, who are not covered by compulsory pension insurance and who voluntarily pay contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

The Law on Labor Pensions contains a number of exceptions to the general rule for assigning an old-age labor pension, allowing a pension to be assigned before reaching the generally established retirement age (60/55 for men/women, respectively) to persons who have worked for a long time in unfavorable conditions.

The conditions for early assignment of an old-age labor pension are:

1. Achieving a lower retirement age determined by law (except for cases where a pension can be assigned regardless of age - the so-called “long service” pension).
2. Internship conditions:
- having a certain length of work experience in the relevant types of work (special work experience) - in unfavorable working conditions or climatic conditions;
- the presence of a certain duration of total work experience (so-called insurance experience). In some cases, the length of the insurance period is not established as a condition for early retirement.

Categories of workers for whom a reduction in the generally established retirement age is provided in connection with work in unfavorable production (underground work, work with harmful, difficult conditions, etc.) or climatic (in the Far North and equivalent areas) conditions, as well as preferential grounds that give the right to early assignment of pensions to citizens related to their physiological characteristics are listed in Art. 27 and 28 of the Law on Labor Pensions.

In connection with the transition of the Russian pension system to insurance principles, which, in particular, involve linking the size of the labor pension with the amount of mandatory pension contributions paid for a specific person, legislators planned to adopt a package of laws on professional pension systems. Additional contributions to them by employers whose employees are employed in special working conditions would ensure the payment of pensions to these employees in the period from the moment of its early assignment until the moment they reach the generally established retirement age. This led to the inclusion of paragraph 3 in Article 27 of the Law on Labor Pensions, which states that insured persons who have worked in the relevant types of work for less than half the required period should be provided with a professional pension. The planned regulations were not adopted by the specified date.

The situation was clarified by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which indicated in its Determination No. 471-O that paragraph 3 of Article 27 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation,” in its constitutional and legal meaning in the system of current legal regulation, in the absence of special legislation on professional pensions, does not prevent early assignment of old-age labor pensions to these citizens. Currently, the wording of paragraph 3 of Art. 27 of the Law on Labor Pensions is brought into line with the position of the Constitutional Court (Law No. 319-FZ).

Russian legislation provides for the possibility of early assignment of an old-age labor pension to citizens recognized as unemployed in the prescribed manner.

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation No. 1032-1 “On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation” (Article 32), at the proposal of the employment service authorities, unemployed citizens with their consent may be assigned a pension for the period until the age entitling them to an old-age retirement pension ( either the generally established retirement age - 55/60 years, or - if a citizen has grounds for early assignment of an old-age labor pension - a corresponding earlier age), but not earlier than 2 years before the corresponding age.

Thus, the conditions for assigning a pension to an unemployed citizen are collectively the following:

1. Recognizing him as unemployed in the manner prescribed by law.
2. Lack of employment opportunities for this citizen at the employment service.
3. The presence of an insurance period that gives the right to a full old-age pension (25/20 years for men/women, respectively) or length of service for the early assignment of an old-age labor pension in accordance with Articles 27 and 28 of the Law on Labor Pensions.
4. Reaching a certain age - 2 years less than the age of old-age pension, including early retirement.
5. Obtaining the status of unemployed must be preceded by dismissal in connection with the liquidation of the organization (or termination of activities by an individual entrepreneur), reduction in the number or staff of employees of the organization (or individual entrepreneur).
6. The consent of an unemployed citizen to send him to an old-age pension early.

The size of the pension assigned to the unemployed is determined according to the norms of the insurance part of the old-age labor pension established by the Law on Labor Pensions. Upon reaching retirement age, including at which an old-age labor pension is assigned early, a citizen has the right to transfer to an old-age labor pension (part of an old-age labor pension).

When work is resumed, the payment of pensions established for unemployed citizens is terminated and restored only after the specified work is terminated.

Starting from the date of pension assignment, the payment of unemployment benefits stops, and at the same time the citizen is deregistered as unemployed.

Features of pension provision

A long-service pension is assigned to federal civil servants (municipal employees are equated to them in this regard) who have reached retirement age and have a certain length of service in state (municipal) positions. Pension rights for civil servants of the constituent entities of the federation are established in regional laws on civil service.

The long-service pension is paid from the budget of the Russian Federation, region or municipality.

In addition, a pensioner can acquire the right to the insurance part of a labor pension for old age or disability (from 01/01/2015 - insurance pension for old age or disability) from the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR), if he worked in places other than the civil service and insurance was paid for him contributions.

As a general rule, you can choose only one type of pension provision for civil servants: either a long-service pension or an insurance pension.

However, a civil servant who has settled on a long-service pension can also receive a share of the insurance pension.

Some federal subjects and municipalities have provided for the possibility of additional payment from the state if a former civil servant has registered for an insurance pension with the Pension Fund. For example, this is established by Moscow Law No. 3 “On the State Civil Service of the City of Moscow” for employees with a length of service of 12.5 (men) or 10 (women) years. This additional payment is an additional guarantee of the rights of civil servants.

To assign a state long-service pension to a civil servant, several circumstances must coincide:

1. reaching the retirement age of 55 (women) and 60 (men) years;
2. have at least 15 years of public service experience;
3. work in the civil service for at least 12 consecutive months before dismissal;
4. dismissal through no fault of the citizen:
- by agreement of the parties;
- at your own request;
- due to circumstances beyond the control of the parties (for example, after reinstatement of another employee by court);
- due to changes in the terms of the contract;
- upon reaching the maximum civil service age;
- to reduce or liquidate a government agency.

You can receive a service pension without 15 years of service. For example, for persons who resigned from a managerial position in the civil service after the expiration of the contract, the length of service is 12 months, and continuous work in a government position before dismissal is 1 month. There are other options when you can receive a long-service pension with a short period of public service. Art. talks about this in detail. 7 of the Law “On State Pension Provision”.

The general rule for registering a pension for civil servants is the attainment of the retirement age established for the old-age insurance pension. There are situations where age is not taken into account. To do this, it is necessary, having 25 years of civil service experience (of which 7 are continuous before dismissal), to resign from public office of your own free will.

The second general condition for granting a long-service pension has no exception - a citizen must not work in a government position while receiving such a pension.

With a minimum length of service of 15 years, the pension is calculated as 45% of salary. However, this 45% includes not only the civil servant’s long-service pension, but also the insurance pension due to the citizen. Only those parts of the insurance pension that were earned after the appointment of the state long-service pension are not taken into account, as well as preferential additional payments to the fixed part of the insurance pension (for the age of 80, for disabled family members).

Each year of service over 15 years increases the pension by 3%, but the increase is limited: the maximum amount of a civil servant’s pension, together with his old-age or disability pension, should not exceed 75% of average monthly earnings.

When determining the average monthly earnings for calculating a pension, you need to take the income for the last 12 months before dismissal or the onset of retirement age, but within 2.8 of the salary for the corresponding position (for positions where payment is in the form of monetary remuneration - 0.8 of that).

Periods of illness or leave without pay, maternity leave (for pregnancy, child care, etc.) are not taken into account.

If there are no such periods in the last year of work, then the average salary is calculated by adding the monthly income for the year and dividing the amount by 12. If there are such periods, the income for the year minus sick leave and maternity benefits is divided by the number of working days and multiplied by 21.

For residents of the Far North and other preferential areas, the length of service pension can be increased due to regional coefficients established by resolutions of the USSR Council of Ministers.

The share of the insurance pension is that part of it that can be received by a pensioner who has received a long-service pension.

In connection with changes in pension legislation, the calculation procedure is provided for in two laws at once:

Partially repealed Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” (in Article 17.1);
and the new Federal Law “On Insurance Pension” (Article 19).

First, the share of the insurance part of the pension is calculated according to the Law “On Labor Pensions”. It is equal to the ratio of the amount of the estimated pension capital (for the period from the appointment of a long-service pension to the application for an old-age pension) to the period of expected payment in months.

The calculation then continues under the new legislation. It is very complex: it includes several coefficients (also calculated individually for each pensioner) and an already known share of the insurance part of the pension. If a citizen continues to work, his calculated pension capital for the insurance pension increases - and then the share of the insurance pension, additionally paid to the long-service pension, is recalculated upward.

Unfortunately, the above system, although complex, is not always effective.

For a long time, the salaries of civil servants were extremely low, and citizens did not apply for a long-service pension, because its meager amount did not reach the insurance part of the labor pension due to a former civil servant.

The complex system of grounds for receiving a pension based on length of service became the reason for numerous lawsuits: state or municipal authorities and the pensioner could not figure out whether a citizen had the right to a pension without the participation of the court.

A unique judicial practice has also developed in relation to frequently amended municipal regulations. For example, a municipality has changed its pension rules and is reassigning pensions already assigned for life to municipal employees downward. The court here supports the side of the municipality, essentially legalizing the retroactive effect of a law that worsens the rights of a citizen. This is motivated by the fact that a pension under local law is only an additional guarantee.

Thus, civil servants have the right to a long-service pension if they have a certain length of service in their position and reach retirement age, but only after leaving public service. When calculating the length of service pension, the insurance pension earned by the citizen is taken into account. Unfortunately, the complex system of grounds for paying long-service pensions constantly becomes the cause of disputes between retired civil servants and the body that assigns them a pension. A particularly problematic issue is the additional guarantees in the field of pensions provided for by regional or local laws.

Pension regulation

It should be noted that the level of pension provision affects life expectancy, the lifestyle of older people, disabled people, and their participation in various spheres of society. At the same time, the state’s social responsibility for decisions made in the pension sector increases and requires an analysis of all aspects of the lives of older people.

The social policy of the state is the most important part of domestic policy as a whole. The level of development of society and the effectiveness of the state’s social and demographic policy depend on how the situation develops in the social sector.

The modern system of state pension provision in Russia is based on the so-called generational contract: when today’s workers provide for today’s pensioners through contributions to the state pension fund made from the wage fund of enterprises, as well as amounts received by citizens. There were several reasons for creating a Russian pension system with its own independent financial basis. The first is to revive and put into practice compulsory pension insurance, the second is to increase the level of real incomes of pensioners, the third is to prevent the leakage of funds intended for pension provision for citizens who worked and lived in Russia to pay pensions to those who lived and worked outside its borders , in other union republics.

Thus, the fundamental idea of ​​the Russian pension law was to have an effective system of compulsory pension insurance in place in the country, ensuring a decent standard of living for people leaving the public sector of production due to old age.

The essence of such a system is as follows:

1. every citizen working for hire (under an employment contract) is subject to compulsory social pension insurance, regardless of his desire and the desire of the employer;
2. all conditions and norms for the payment of relevant insurance contributions, as well as the conditions and norms of pension provision, are determined by the state. They cannot be changed by agreement of the parties to the employment contract or by decision of the president and government.

Let's analyze the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with provisions on pensions:

1) pensioners from among the insured are not dependents of society, but people who have earned a pension;
2) pension contributions must be collected in amounts that ensure the possibility of providing a person with a pension that ensures a decent life during the retirement period;
3) the level of pensions must be inextricably linked with the insurance period and earnings on the basis of which contributions were paid;
4) insurance funds cannot, under any circumstances and by anyone, be spent for purposes other than the pension provision of the insured and their families, much less be withdrawn from this fund, including temporarily;
5) the activities of the entire compulsory pension insurance system must be under the control and supervision of the insured and policyholders, as well as parliament;
6) the state is called upon to guarantee the implementation of the compulsory pension insurance system established by it.

There are more than 38 million pensioners in our country, and most of them receive a pension under this law. Pension (from the Latin pensio - “payment”) is a regular and, as a rule, lifetime cash payment to citizens from the state or other entities in cases established by law (upon reaching a certain age, the onset of disability, in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, as well as for length of service and special services to the state).

As you can see, pension provision is a form of material support for citizens from the state. The grounds for pension provision under Russian legislation are: reaching the appropriate retirement age, the onset of disability, and for disabled family members - the loss of a breadwinner; for pension provision for certain categories of workers - long-term performance of certain professional activities.

Pensions in Russia are state and non-state. State pensions are paid to citizens from state social security funds. In connection with labor and other socially useful activities, counted in the total length of service, pensions are awarded for old age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, and long service. Citizens who for some reason do not have the right to a labor pension are provided with a social pension. A non-state pension is paid to citizens from non-state (commercial) pension funds and is additional in nature in relation to the state pension, although recently the institution of non-state pension has increasingly become a separate category of social payments, independent of state pensions.

The demographic changes taking place in Russia, which constantly increased the burden on the pension system, have stabilized in recent years. This is due to the fact that the share of pensioners in the total population of the country, which has been steadily increasing in recent years, has begun to decline due to an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in the mortality rate of Russians.

Economic difficulties and unfavorable economic trends, together with the irrational construction of the state pension system, lead to a systematic decline in the living standards of pensioners and their families. The critical situation of pension provision for Russian citizens urgently required radical reforms, during which all the basic principles of the functioning of pension provision would be revised. The first step in this direction was the “Concept of reform of the pension system in the Russian Federation” approved by the Government of the Russian Federation No. 790. This Concept was developed and supplemented in the “Pension Reform Program in the Russian Federation”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 463.

In the long term, as an alternative to the current distribution system, a mixed pension system is proposed, which includes:

1) state pension insurance;
2) state pension provision for certain categories of citizens, as well as for persons who have not acquired the right to a pension under state pension insurance - at the expense of the federal budget (basic pension);
3) additional pension insurance (security), carried out through voluntary contributions from employers and employees, and in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation - mandatory insurance contributions.

Non-state pensions should become the basis for additional pension provision. Non-state pension provision in the pension system is considered as additional to the state one and can be carried out in the form of so-called additional professional pension systems of individual organizations, sectors of the economy or in the form of personal pension insurance of citizens who accumulate funds for their additional pension provision in insurance companies or non-state pension funds.

In recent years, an important role has been assigned to non-state pension funds (NPFs), which have a dual nature. Firstly, they are considered as an important social institution designed to solve problems of improving the financial situation of disabled members of society. Non-state pension funds provide an opportunity for people to have higher incomes in old age than the minimum that the state will be able to provide. It is the NPF that will have to occupy this niche so that workers have the opportunity to either invest additional money into the funds on their own, or through their representatives - trade unions - to conclude collective agreements at enterprises so that these contributions are made by the employer.

Secondly, non-state pension funds act as specific institutions of financial intermediation, accumulating savings of the general population for long-term investments. A small amount of minimum pension contributions with a long period of pension payments makes it possible to attract the savings of individuals with low incomes, as well as funds from employers. The illiquidity of NPF assets and the long term of most pension schemes allow these institutions to direct accumulated funds for long-term investment purposes and actively participate in the financing of programs with low returns, high reliability and a long implementation period. Almost none of the other financial investors have a competitive advantage over non-state pension funds in this segment of the long-term investment market, since their activities are limited by more stringent asset liquidity requirements.

Let us note that the formation of the NPF system in Russia began unfavorably: there were no necessary regulatory documents, inflation, the difficult financial situation of enterprises, instability of the stock market, political instability and uncertainty had a negative effect.

Let's consider the mechanism of their functioning. For each insured person working under special working conditions, the employer pays insurance premiums at an additional rate, which are transferred to authorized non-state pension funds. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure control on the part of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation within the framework of personalized accounting of contribution payers and non-state pension funds.

For persons working in special working conditions that are not serviced by any of the authorized non-state pension funds, insurance contributions will have to be paid to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at increased rates. These contributions were planned to be placed in a special account within the savings system.

The approach proposed above to organizing professional pension insurance is associated with the introduction of a personalized accounting system in the state pension insurance system throughout the Russian Federation. The Law itself is aimed at creating conditions for assigning pensions in accordance with labor contribution, ensuring the reliability of information about length of service and earnings, and developing the interest of insured persons in paying insurance premiums. Personalized accounting of insured persons makes it possible to create a mechanism of self-regulation in the collection of insurance premiums: since the data from this accounting will be used when assigning a pension, employees will be interested in the timely transfer of insurance contributions by employers and will themselves control this process so that the data on contributions correspond to earnings and are taken into account in the pension fund.

The law considers the list of responsibilities of all entities in the field of pensions. Thus, the state, represented by the Pension Fund of Russia, undertakes to open an individual personal account and issue an insurance certificate to each insured person, and ensure the protection of information.

Employers, in addition to financial participation in the formation of the Pension Fund of Russia, are obliged to provide information about all employees under an employment contract for whom they pay insurance premiums, receive insurance certificates and issue them against signature to the insured persons, and provide free of charge to each employee a copy of the information submitted about him to the the relevant branches of the Pension Fund of Russia, monitor the compliance of the details of the insurance certificate with the details of the employee’s identity documents.

The list of information that the employer is obliged to provide contains the period of activity included in the special length of service, the amount of earnings for which insurance premiums were calculated, the amount of accrued insurance premiums for which they were not accrued, etc.

According to the Law, the insured person is required to register with the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation; obtain an insurance certificate, keep it and present it at the request of authorized persons; report in case of changes in the information on his individual personal account, as well as in case of loss of the insurance certificate; submit, at the request of the authorities of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, documents confirming the information to be included in his individual personal account. The advantage of this Law is the prospects for differentiation of pension provision depending on labor contribution.

Federal Law No. 113 “On the procedure for calculating and increasing state pensions.” In connection with the adoption of this Law, pensions for non-working pensioners began to be calculated using the individual pensioner coefficient. The pensioner's individual coefficient is the amount of the pension expressed as a percentage of the average monthly salary in the country. It is determined by multiplying the pension amount as a percentage, which is obtained depending on the length of work experience by the ratio of the average monthly earnings for the specified period from which the pension is calculated to the average monthly salary in the country for the same period. In other words, ICP is the ratio of earnings from which the pension is calculated to the average salary in the country in the year it was received. The specified ratio will be applied not only when assigning pensions, but also when recalculating them in connection with an increase in the price index. This made it possible to overcome the shortcomings of the existing mechanism for revising the size of pensions in connection with their indexation.

In conclusion, we note that pension provision in Russia has existed for about four centuries; over the last half century, the state has begun to pay more attention to the pension system: pensions have increased, in addition to the insurance part of the pension, a funded part has appeared. Along with state pension funds, non-state pension funds have been formed, and professional pension systems are becoming increasingly popular.

Additional pension provision

The financing subsystem of this part of the Russian pension system has three main sources:

1) budgets of all levels (federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets);
2) funds from employing organizations;
3) funds of non-state pension funds.

The management subsystem includes the Pension Fund of Russia and its territorial institutions, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, administration of employing organizations, non-state pension funds.

This subsystem includes a wide range of citizens. Some of them have outstanding achievements and special services to the state, others have a special status, and the work of others is associated with difficult working conditions. The first group includes Heroes of the USSR and the Russian Federation, laureates of state prizes, Olympic champions, etc. The second group consists of persons holding government positions in the Russian Federation (federal ministers, members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, etc.), government positions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation ( senior officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, members of the highest executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, deputies of the legislative (representative) body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, etc.) state civil servants of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, persons holding municipal positions (heads of municipal entities, etc.) municipal employees. The third group includes specialists from the nuclear weapons complex, civil aviation flight crew members, and coal industry workers. The fourth group includes employees of those organizations where corporate pension provision takes place. The fifth group consists of citizens receiving support from non-state pension funds. The sixth group includes citizens whose pension savings are replenished in accordance with the Law on Additional Insurance Contributions, as well as with funds from maternity (family) capital.

Types of additional pension provision are:

1) additional monthly financial support;
2) monthly additional payments to pensions;
3) regional pensions;
4) municipal pensions;
5) corporate pensions;
6) non-state pensions;
7) urgent pension payment (other payments in the relevant part according to the Federal Law “On the procedure for financing payments from pension savings”).

The legal subsystem consists of regulatory legal acts of federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, acts of local governments, charters, collective agreements, local acts of organizations, acts of non-state pension funds. Regulatory legal acts at the federal level include: Federal Laws No. 21-FZ "On additional monthly material support for citizens of the Russian Federation for outstanding achievements and special services to the Russian Federation", No. 155-FZ "On additional social security for members of flight crews of civil aviation aircraft ", No. 84-FZ "On additional social security for certain categories of employees of coal industry organizations"; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 854 “On some social guarantees for persons holding government positions in the Russian Federation and positions in the federal state civil service”, etc. This should also include Federal Law No. 75-FZ “On Non-State Pension Funds”, the Law on Labor Pensions and the Law on state pension provision, Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Subjects of the Russian Federation adopt the appropriate regulatory legal acts, such as the Law of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra No. 64-03 “On additional pension provision for certain categories of citizens.”

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3) Interpretation of social security law

For law enforcement officials, interpretation of the law is important. It refers to the activities of bodies and organizations providing social security, which are aimed at establishing the content of legal norms and revealing the will of the authorities in them.

The purpose of interpretation is the correct, precise and uniform understanding and application of the law, identifying its essence, which the legislator put into the wording.

Interpretation is a complex, complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Let us consider such an aspect of interpretation as an explanation of the content of the norm. It refers to the activities of certain bodies aimed at ensuring the correct and uniform interpretation of the norm in all cases for which it is intended, eliminating ambiguities and possible errors in its application. The interpretation is also given in the form of an official act. Such acts are issued in the form of clarifications, recommendations, letters, reviews in practice. The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, the Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund, the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, the Ministry of Defense and other organizations related to social security have the right to issue such acts. For example, the length of the insurance period affects the size of the labor pension. The legislation has certain “Periods included in the insurance period”. The Pension Fund, in order to interpret this concept, issued an explanation that indicates which periods are included in the insurance period. Using these clarifications, pension authorities correctly establish the amount of pensions in accordance with the List of Insurance Experience.

Topic 4
The concept of the state social security system

Plan:

1) The concept of the state social security system;

2) State pension system:

a) Insurance and budget pension systems;

b) Sources of financing pension systems;

c) The circle of persons subject to pension provision;

d) Types of pensions;

e) Conditions for the provision of pensions;

f) Regulatory legal acts (LLA) regulating pension relations;

g) Bodies providing pensions.

1) The concept of the state social security system

When defining the concept of a social security system, we proceed from the fact that the system is understood as many elements that form a certain unity.

The definition of a social security system and the identification of its individual elements can be based on various features (criteria):

– Form of organization;

– Circle of people;

– Types of collateral;

– Conditions for the provision of social security;

– Amounts of collateral, etc.

For example, according to the forms of organization, the social security system can be represented as 2 elements:

1) Compulsory social insurance (OSI);

2) Social security through allocations from the state budget.

Most often in the scientific literature, the social security system is divided by type of social security. These types, in turn, are also systems. The social security system consists of:

– Pension system;

– Systems of social benefits and social compensation payments;

– Social service systems;

– Medical care and treatment systems;

– State social assistance systems;

– Systems of social benefits and advantages.

These systems are components of the Russian social security system and are regulated by PSO standards.

2) State pension system

The state pension system in the Russian Federation currently does not have unity. According to the current pension legislation, it consists of 2 relatively independent pension systems:

1) Compulsory pension insurance (OPI);

2) State pension provision.

The legislator made this division based on the existing organization of pension financing.

Based on this, we will name these 2 systems as follows:

a) Insurance pension system;

b) Budgetary pension system.

A) Insurance and budget pension system

The insurance pension system is a system of legal, economic, and organizational measures created by the state, which is aimed at compensating citizens for earnings or other income they received before the establishment of a pension in the manner of compulsory insurance coverage.

The budgetary pension system is a system of legal, economic, organizational measures created by the state in order to compensate citizens for earnings lost due to termination of public service, or compensation for damage caused to their health during military service, as a result of radiation, man-made disasters, in the event of disability, loss of a breadwinner upon reaching the legal age, or disabled citizens in order to provide them with a means of subsistence.

There are many differences between the two pension systems, so let’s name the main ones:

1) Sources of their financing;

2) The circle of persons subject to pensions;

3) Types of pensions;

4) Conditions for providing pensions;

5) Regulatory legal acts (LLA) regulating pension provision;

6) Bodies providing pensions.

B) Sources of funding for the pension system

Within the framework of the insurance pension system, such a source is the budget of the Pension Fund (PF). It is formed from various sources, the main one being the payment of insurance premiums, as well as allocations from the federal budget, the amount of penalties and other financial sanctions, income from the placement (investment) of temporarily available funds of the compulsory pension insurance. In recent years, other sources of replenishing the fund’s budget have appeared - voluntary contributions from individuals and legal entities.

Pensions under the budgetary pension system are financed from the state budget, which includes: federal, regional and local budgets. These funds are generated from taxes provided for by tax legislation, as well as other financial sources.

B) The circle of persons subject to social security

Differences in pension systems can also be observed in the categories of persons receiving pensions.

The insurance pension system covers citizens insured by compulsory pension insurance who are entitled to labor (insurance) pensions. These citizens include:

1) Citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons working under an employment contract;

2) Those who provide themselves with work (individual entrepreneurs, private detectives, lawyers, notaries, private practice);

3) Citizens who are members of peasant (farm) households;

4) Citizens who are members of tribal family communities of small-numbered peoples of the north, engaged in traditional sectors of the economy;

5) Persons working outside the territory of the Russian Federation, if they pay insurance premiums.

Only Russian citizens have the right to receive a pension under the budget pension system, these include:

1) Federal civil servants, civil servants of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, civil servants of local government (LGU);

2) Military personnel, law enforcement officers, WWII participants, combatants;

3) Victims of radiation and man-made disasters and disabled citizens who do not have rights to labor (insurance) pensions.

For citizens who are simultaneously entitled to various pensions (insurance and budget), one pension is established at their choice (with the exception of only a few categories of citizens, for example, participants in the Second World War).

D) Types of pensions

The following types of pensions are currently assigned and paid under the insurance pension system:

1) Old-age labor pension;

2) Labor disability pension;

3) Labor pension in case of loss of a breadwinner.

From January 1, 2015 Instead of labor pensions, insurance and funded pensions will be assigned and paid. These 2 new types of pensions will be assigned to those citizens who began their working career in 2015.

The following types of pensions are assigned and paid under the budget pension system:

1) Old age pension;

2) Disability pension;

3) Pension for long service;

4) Social pension.

D) Conditions for providing pensions

The conditions for providing pensions under the 2 pension systems also depend on the category of persons to whom they are assigned.

The right to a pension under the insurance pension system depends on the conditions established for each category of its recipients. The right to an old-age labor pension is for men who have reached the age of 60 years and women who have reached the age of 55 years and who have an insurance period of at least 5 years. For some categories of citizens, the old-age labor pension is assigned ahead of schedule, i.e. with decreasing age. This right arises for citizens employed in jobs with special working conditions, who worked in special natural and climatic conditions, who were unemployed before receiving a pension, or who had special medical and biological characteristics.

A labor disability pension is provided to a person recognized by medical and social examination bodies (MSE) as a disabled person with the establishment of III, II, I disability groups and in the presence of an insurance period of any duration.

To receive a labor pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, you must have the status of a disabled member of the family of the deceased breadwinner who was his dependent.

To receive a pension under the budgetary pension system, each category of citizens has its own conditions:

1) federal civil servants receive the right to a long service pension if they have at least 15 years of civil service experience and are subject to their dismissal from the federal civil service.

2) a disability pension is assigned to military personnel who have become disabled:

a) During the period of military service under conscription;

b) No later than 3 months after dismissal from military service;

c) In case of disability occurring later than this period, but due to injury, injury, illness received during military service.

E) Regulatory legal acts (LLA) regulating pension relations

There is no unified pension system in the Russian Federation, so there are many different laws regulating pension provision. The main laws include:

1) According to the insurance pension system:

a) Federal Law dated December 17, 2001. No. 173-FZ “On labor pensions in the Russian Federation”;

b) Federal Law dated December 15, 2001. No. 167-FZ “On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation”;

c) Federal Law dated April 1, 1996. No. 27-FZ “On individual (personalized) registration in the compulsory pension insurance system”;

d) Federal Law dated December 28, 2013. No. 400-FZ “On insurance pensions”;

e) Federal Law dated December 28, 2013. No. 424-FZ “On funded pensions”.

2) According to the budget pension system:

a) Federal Law of December 15, 2001. No. 166-FZ “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation”;

b) Law of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1993. No. 4468-1 “On pension provision for persons who served in military service, service in the Internal Affairs bodies, the state fire service, authorities for control of the circulation of narcotic substances and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penal system and their families.”

G) Bodies providing pensions

According to the insurance pension system, the bodies providing pension provision are the Pension Fund bodies. These include: the boards and directorate of the Pension Fund, located in Moscow, Branches of the Pension Fund, located in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Pension Fund offices in cities and districts, pension departments in small towns.

The budget of the pension system is carried out by pension provision in a combined manner, that is, part of the budget pensions through its bodies is assigned and paid to the Pension Fund, and the other part of the budget pensions is assigned and paid by the Pension Administration, departments, services, the Ministry of Defense, Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSB, the Federal Penitentiary Service, service drug control and other departments.

Topic 5
State system of benefits and compensation payments

Plan:

1) Regulatory framework for benefits and compensation payments;

2) Grounds for classification of benefits and compensation payments;

3) Types of benefits and compensation payments;

4) Insurance and budget benefits.

Social benefits and compensation payments are one of the types of social security, are provided in cash and are in second place in importance for Russian citizens after pensions.

1) Regulatory framework for benefits and compensation payments

Like the pension provision NPB (legal and regulatory framework) benefits, compensation payments are extensive. Let's name the main laws in this area:

1) Law of the Russian Federation of April 19, 1991 “On employment in the Russian Federation”;

2) Federal Law of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children”;

3) Federal Law of December 12, 1996 “On burial and funeral business”;

4) Federal Law of July 24, 1998 “On OSS regarding industrial accidents and occupational diseases”;

5) Federal Law of September 17, 1998 “On immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases”;

6) Federal Law of July 16, 1999 “On the fundamentals of OSS”;

7) Federal Law of December 29, 2009 “On compulsory health insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity.”

Since a number of benefits are financed from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, laws on benefits are adopted in them. For example, the St. Petersburg law “On social support for families with children in St. Petersburg (November 17, 2004)”

Most compensation payments were introduced by presidential decree and government resolution. For example, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2006 “On compensation payments to persons caring for disabled citizens.”

2) Basis for classification of benefits and compensation payments

Social benefits and compensation payments can be classified (divided into classes, groups) on various grounds. Such grounds are:

1) The intended purpose of the benefit or compensation (compensatory earnings, additional family income, protection of the health of mother and child, provision of livelihood for the period of absence of earnings or other income from any of the family members);

2) Duration of payment (one-time, monthly, periodically);

3) Financial sources (PF funds, social insurance funds, federal budget funds, budget funds of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, subventions);

4) The circle of recipients (benefits and compensation for all citizens and benefits for working citizens);

5) Social and legal grounds for payment of benefits (temporary disability, childbearing, poverty, the need to protect the family budget under extraordinary circumstances);

6) The procedure for determining the amount of benefits and compensation (in a fixed amount of money, in an amount corresponding to the subsistence level in the regions);

7) Actions in space (federal and regional benefits);

8) Bodies providing benefits (employer, social protection body (OSZN), PF bodies and social insurance funds, employment service bodies, migration service bodies, bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation).

3) Types of benefits and compensation payments

In the Russian Federation, the following types of benefits are assigned and paid:

1) Temporary disability benefit (periodic, the amount depends on the length of service, earnings, persons who independently provide themselves with work do not receive benefits);

2) Maternity benefits (periodic, the amount depends on the length of service and the amount of earnings, only employed people are entitled);

3) Benefit for women who registered with a medical institution in the early stages of pregnancy (one-time, assigned in addition to the maternity benefit, paid in a fixed amount);

4) Benefit for the birth of a child (one-time, paid in a fixed amount, all women have the right to it if their birth is officially registered);

5) Funeral benefit (one-time, paid in a fixed amount);

6) Allowance for caring for a child until he reaches 1.5 years of age (monthly, in a fixed amount, received by 1 of the family members directly caring for him);

7) Child benefit (for all, in a fixed amount, families whose income is below the subsistence level);

8) Allowance for transferring a child to a foster family (one-time, in a fixed amount);

9) Benefit in case of post-vaccination complications (one-time, in a fixed amount);

10) Benefit for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (one-time, in a fixed amount, only for medical workers infected while on duty);

11) Benefits for citizens affected by industrial accidents and occupational diseases (one-time, the amount depends on the degree of disability);

12) Benefits for citizens who have received a certificate of recognition as refugees (one-time, in a fixed amount);

13) Benefits for citizens who have received a certificate recognizing them as forced migrants (one-time, in a fixed amount);

14) Benefits for spouses of military personnel serving under a contract while living with their spouse in areas where they cannot find employment in their specialty (monthly, in a fixed amount);

15) Allowance for pregnant wives of conscripted military personnel (monthly, in a fixed amount)

16) Allowance for the child of a soldier undergoing military service upon conscription (monthly, in a fixed amount) 4

17) Benefits for citizens who served under a contract and were discharged from military service (one-time, fixed amount);

18) Benefits for citizens involved in the fight against terrorism (one-time, fixed amount);

19) Benefits for citizens from among orphans (one-time, in a fixed amount);

20) Unemployment benefit (monthly, in a fixed amount).

Compensation payments are a new type of social security introduced in the Russian Federation in the 90s. 20th century.

Compensation payments are cash payments to certain categories of citizens in order to compensate for lost earnings or to compensate for additional expenses caused by various life circumstances.

Compensation payments are similar in nature to benefits, but differ from them, firstly, in the size of the amounts paid; secondly, the circumstances of the appointment.

Types of compensation payments:

1) To care for a child aged 1.5 to 3 years;

2) For the period of academic leave for students studying full-time;

3) Unemployed able-bodied citizens caring for disabled persons;

4) Non-working wives of ordinary and commanding officers of Internal Affairs (IA) bodies and bodies of the Penitentiary System (PSS);

5) Citizens affected by man-made and radiation disasters;

6) Citizens working with chemical weapons and becoming infected;

7) Pensioners living in the far north and similar areas to compensate for travel to and from their vacation destination;

8) For meals for students of secondary schools;

9) Judges, after resigning, to purchase travel documents.

4) Insurance budget benefits

All compensation payments are budgetary, and benefits are divided into insurance and budgetary.

Insurance benefits are paid from the budgets of the Social Insurance Fund (SIF) and the Pension Fund (PF). Insurance benefits include:

1) Temporary disability benefit;

2) Maternity benefits;

3) Benefits for women who registered with a doctor in the early stages of pregnancy;

4) Child birth benefit;

5) Allowance for child care up to 1.5 years;

6) Funeral benefit.

All other benefits are budgetary.

Topic 6
State social service system

Plan:

1) The concept of social service

2) Social service system.

1) The concept of social service

Social services are an independent type of social security. It can be imagined as a complex of various social services and benefits provided to elderly disabled people and low-income citizens free of charge or for partial payment.

Social services are mainly provided from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Social services are the activities of social services to provide social, social, medical, socio-legal, psychological and pedagogical services to citizens in difficult life situations.

Like all other types of social security, social services have their own NPB (legal and regulatory framework). The main laws in this area are:

Online consulting. The Pension Fund specialist will provide advice on issues such as participation in the program of state co-financing of pension savings, receipt and use of maternity (family) capital, the new procedure for the formation of pension rights of citizens and the calculation of pensions in the compulsory pension insurance system from January 1, 2015 and other general issues , which does not contain your personal data.

Online reception. In this section, you can send a request to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation on issues related to the competence of the Fund. The response to your request, at your choice, can be sent by mail or email. The response, which contains personal data, including information about property status (for example, pension amounts paid), is sent only to the postal address.

Make an appointment. The service for pre-registering an appointment with a Pension Fund specialist, as well as pre-ordering certificates and documents from the Pension Fund, is available to citizens and policyholders. Registration is made no later than the day before the application. After entering the necessary information (SNILS, full name, date of birth, place of residence, contact information), an admission coupon will be generated, which must be printed and presented when applying.

Pension dictionary. The dictionary contains basic terms used in the pension legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as explanations of concepts used in the field of pension provision. It includes the following thematic sections:

1. Pension provision.
2. Social payments.
3. Pension savings.

Pre-order documents/certificates from the Pension Fund of Russia. This service is intended for citizens and insurance premium payers. Pre-ordering documents and certificates allows in some cases to reduce the number of visits to the Pension Fund to one. To receive a pre-ordered document/certificate from the Pension Fund of Russia, you can make a preliminary appointment at the Pension Fund of Russia client service.

Additional information for employers and self-employed people

Registration and deregistration with territorial bodies of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. All policyholders must register with the territorial bodies of the Pension Fund. Insurers under compulsory pension insurance are:

1. Persons making payments to individuals, including:

• organizations;
• individuals.

The page at the link describes the procedure for registering and deregistering employers - organizations and peasant (farm) enterprises, separate divisions of organizations, as well as employers - individuals.

Separate divisions that have a separate balance sheet, current account and accrual payments and other remuneration in favor of individuals are registered with the territorial bodies of the Pension Fund on the basis of the following documents (originals or notarized copies):

1. Application for registration of a Russian organization with the territorial body of the Pension Fund at the location of the separate division on the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. The organization's charter, containing information about the creation of a separate division and its legal address.
3. Regulations on a separate division.
4. Documents containing information about whether a separate division has a separate balance sheet or current account.
5. Documents confirming the right to perform, on behalf of a legal entity, the duties of calculating payments and other remuneration in favor of individuals and paying insurance premiums for compulsory pension insurance at the location of the separate unit.

Registration as an insurer of an individual - employer is carried out on the basis of the following documents:

1. Application for registration of the policyholder making payments to individuals with the territorial body of the Pension Fund.
2. Documents identifying the policyholder and confirming registration at the place of residence.
3. Documents confirming that an individual has an obligation to pay insurance premiums for compulsory pension insurance (employment contract, civil law contract, the subject of which is the performance of work and provision of services, copyright agreement, etc.).

Payment of insurance premiums and reporting. Since 2010, instead of the unified social tax, employers pay insurance contributions to the budgets of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and territorial compulsory medical insurance funds.

Payers of insurance premiums are:

1. Persons making payments and other remuneration to individuals:

• organizations;
• individual entrepreneurs;
• individuals who are not recognized as individual entrepreneurs.

Submission of personalized accounting information. The policyholder is obliged to submit quarterly individual information about each insured person working for him to the territorial body of the Pension Fund at the place of registration, together with the calculation of accrued and paid insurance contributions for compulsory pension insurance to the Pension Fund, insurance contributions for compulsory medical insurance to the Federal Compulsory Medical Fund insurance and territorial compulsory health insurance funds. The page at the link describes the procedure for processing and submitting information, contains document forms and rules for filling them out, and computer programs for preparing personalized accounting documents in electronic form.

Insurance certificate of compulsory pension insurance. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation registers all Russians, including children and adolescents, in the compulsory pension insurance system. Upon registration, the territorial body of the Pension Fund opens an individual personal account with a permanent insurance number for each insured person and issues an insurance certificate of compulsory pension insurance (green plastic card). All data on the insurance period, accrued and paid insurance contributions for compulsory pension insurance throughout the citizen’s working life are entered into an individual personal account, which are subsequently taken into account when assigning or recalculating a labor pension. To obtain an insurance certificate, you must contact the policyholder or the territorial office of the Pension Fund at your place of residence or at the place of your registration as an policyholder (for individuals paying insurance premiums on their own). Children under 14 years old receive an insurance certificate with the help of their parents. Required documents:

• passport;
• questionnaire of the insured person;
• child's birth certificate (if the certificate is received by a child under 14 years of age).

Informing insured persons about the status of their individual personal accounts. A citizen can obtain information about the status of his individual personal account in the compulsory pension insurance system at the MFC.

Additional information for pensioners

Pension recalculation. Recalculation of a pension is a change in the size of the pension due to the submission of new documents or a change in the circumstances on which this amount depends. Pensioners have the right to recalculate their pension in the following cases:

• reaching the age of 80 years;
• change of disability group;
• change in the number of disabled family members or the category of recipients of labor pensions in the event of the loss of a breadwinner;
• acquiring the necessary calendar work experience in the Far North;
• carrying out labor activities by a pensioner;
• in other cases provided for by pension legislation.

To recalculate the pension upward, the pensioner (except in cases of changing the disability group or reaching the age of 80) must submit an application to the territorial body of the Pension Fund at the place of receipt of the pension. By following the link you can familiarize yourself with the pension recalculation mechanism and download a thematic brochure.

Pension indexation. Indexation of the size of labor pensions is an increase in the size of labor pensions based on the relevant resolution of the Russian Government in order to improve the standard of living of pensioners. The legislation provides for indexation of the size of the insurance part of the old-age labor pension, disability labor pension and survivor's labor pension (including the fixed base amount of these pensions) in connection with rising prices and average monthly wages in the Russian Federation. The link provides information on the indexation of pensions in 2010 - 2019.

Deductions from pensions. The territorial bodies of the Pension Fund make deductions from pensions on the basis of executive documents, court decisions or pension authorities. Deduction from a pension may be applied if, due to the fault of the pensioner, he was paid excess amounts of the pension, as well as in the event of abuse on the part of the pensioner established in court.

Payment and delivery of pensions, suspension and resumption of pension payments. Payment of pensions is made by the body providing pensions at the place of residence or place of stay of the pensioner. Delivery of pensions is carried out at the request of the pensioner by the body providing pensions, or through postal organizations, credit and other organizations involved in the delivery of pensions. The choice of the organization delivering the pension is made on the basis of an application submitted by the pensioner to the territorial office of the Pension Fund. Delivery of the pension is made upon presentation of an identity document. At the request of the pensioner, delivery of the pension can be made by proxy. The page at the link also describes the procedure for suspension (for example, in the event of non-receipt of the established pension for 6 months in a row) and resumption of pension payment, the procedure for termination (for example, in the event of a pensioner losing the right to the pension assigned to him) and restoration of pension payment, payment of unpaid amounts pensions in connection with the death of a pensioner, payment of social benefits for funerals.

State pension co-financing program. The program operates in accordance with Federal Law No. 56-FZ dated April 30, 2008 “On additional insurance contributions for the funded part of the labor pension and state support for the formation of pension savings.” In accordance with the program, the pension savings of citizens who voluntarily transfer contributions to the funded part of their labor pension will be replenished by state co-financing in the amount of contributions paid, but not more than 12,000 rubles per year and subject to the payment of voluntary contributions of at least 2,000 rubles per year. Admission of new participants to the State Pension Co-financing Program ended on October 1, 2013. You can make a contribution to the funded part of your labor pension within the framework of the Co-financing Program yourself by transferring funds to the Pension Fund budget through a bank. However, the easiest way is to make contributions under the Program through your employer, instructing him, according to the submitted application, to withhold your contributions from your salary and transfer them to the Pension Fund. On the link page you can download a payment receipt form with the details of a Sberbank branch in any region of Russia. Payment details of the territorial body of the Pension Fund for all regions are also provided, which should be used to pay contributions through any other bank.

Payment of pension savings to legal successors. The insured person has the right at any time to submit to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation or to a non-state pension fund, depending on where the funded part of the labor pension is formed, an application for the distribution of pension savings, indicating in it his legal successors and in what shares will be savings to be distributed among them in the event of his death. Both in the presence of such an application and in the absence of it, payment of the pension savings of the deceased insured person is carried out on the basis of applications submitted by his legal successors to any district department of the Pension Fund.

Additional payments made by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation

1. . Social supplements to pensions are established from January 1, 2010 for each non-working pensioner if the total amount of his material support (including all types of pensions and other social support measures, with the exception of one-time ones) does not reach the pensioner’s subsistence level established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the additional payments is to bring the pensioner’s material security to the subsistence level.
2. Payments for caring for disabled citizens. Payments are established for non-working able-bodied persons in order to partially compensate them for their earnings during the period of caring for disabled citizens, since during this period able-bodied citizens, unable to work, are left without a source of livelihood. Retirees and people receiving unemployment benefits are not eligible for compensation payments because they are already recipients of Social Security. The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation makes the following payments to non-working able-bodied persons caring for disabled citizens:
3. Monthly payment to persons caring for disabled children and people with disabilities since childhood of group I. Compensation payments to non-working able-bodied persons caring for disabled citizens. The amount of compensation payments from July 1, 2008 to the present time is 1200 rubles. To assign compensation payments to non-working able-bodied persons caring for disabled citizens, the following documents are required:

• a statement from the caregiver indicating the start date of care and his place of residence;
• a statement from a disabled citizen regarding his consent to be cared for by a specific person;
• a certificate from the body paying the pension at the place of residence or place of stay of the person providing care, stating that a pension was not assigned to this person;
• a certificate (information) from the employment service agency at the place of residence of the caregiver confirming that he has not received unemployment benefits;
• an extract from the certificate of examination of a disabled citizen recognized as disabled, sent by the federal state institution of medical and social examination to the body paying the pension;
• medical certificate recognizing a child under 18 years of age as disabled;
• conclusion of a medical institution on the need of an elderly citizen for constant outside care;
• an identity document and work book of the caregiver, as well as the work book of a disabled citizen;
• permission (consent) of one of the parents (guardian) and the guardianship and trusteeship authority to provide care for a disabled citizen student who has reached the age of 14 years in his free time from school;
• a certificate from an educational institution confirming the fact of full-time education of the caregiver;
• certificate (information) about the non-assignment of compensation payment for caring for a disabled citizen who is a recipient of a pension in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On pension provision for persons who served in military service, service in internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, drug control agencies drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, and their families” and an old-age labor pension issued by the body paying the corresponding pension.

• passport;
• certificate of compulsory pension insurance;
• documents confirming the right to benefits (certificate issued by the competent authorities, a certificate from a medical and social examination establishing disability, etc.).

• statement;
• passport;
• documents confirming the right to additional monthly financial support (certificate of entitlement to benefits or a certificate from an archival institution, a certificate from a medical and social examination).

• for early assignment of old-age labor pension;
• to increase the fixed base amount of the insurance part of the labor pension for old age, disability or loss of a breadwinner;
• to compensate for travel to and from your vacation spot.

The retirement age of northerners depends on the length of work in the Far North, the length of insurance coverage, the type of occupation (reindeer herders, fishermen, hunters), and the number of children (for women). The basic amount of the insurance part of a labor pension is determined depending on the area of ​​residence, length of service in the Far North and length of insurance coverage.

• flight crew members of civil aviation aircraft with length of service as flight crew members: for men - at least 25 years, for women - at least 20 years;
• employees of coal industry organizations who worked directly full time in underground and open-pit mining operations for the extraction of coal and shale and in the construction of mines for at least 25 years or at least 20 years as longwall miners, drifters, jackhammer operators, and mining operators cars

To assign an additional payment to a pension, a citizen must contact the territorial body of the Pension Fund, providing the following documents:

• application for additional payment to pension;
• about periods of work that give the right to additional payment to the pension;
• about flight hours (for members of aircraft flight crews);
• about the average monthly earnings for the last 24 months of work giving the right to additional payment, or for any 60 consecutive months of the specified work.

• passport;
• insurance certificate of compulsory pension insurance;
• a certificate of receipt of a long-service pension (disability pension) and periods of service, work and other activities taken into account when determining the amount of a long-service pension (on periods of service preceding the award of a disability pension);
• in addition, military pensioners with periods of work before 2002 can submit documents confirming the average monthly earnings for any 60 consecutive months before 01/01/2002, if this average monthly earnings falls on the period before the registration of the insured person in the compulsory pension insurance system .

• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation with a mark of registration at the place of residence, place of stay or actual residence on the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to deregistration at the previous place of residence in another state;
• passport of a citizen of the USSR with a mark of registration at the place of residence in Russia as of 02/06/1992;
• residence permit for a foreign citizen or stateless person.

Schoolchildren about pensions

Pension system of Russia. This section explains the features of the modern three-tier Pension system of Russia.

Pension calculator will help you calculate your pension.

Simulator "Life and pension" created to simulate a future pension depending on decision-making in various situations.

Test “What do you know about pension insurance?” . The test allows you to test your knowledge about pensions in the Russian Federation.

Section “Looking for answers” contains the necessary information on how to obtain SNILS, how to use your personal account, what steps need to be taken to receive a decent pension in old age, how to use maternity capital to pay for education, as well as detailed information on choosing pension options.

Pension accruals

Since January 1, 2002, a pension model based on insurance principles has been in effect in Russia. It includes the following types of pensions:

I. Labor pension:

1. By old age. Men who have reached the age of 60 and women who have reached the age of 55 have the right to an old-age pension if they have at least 5 years of insurance experience:

• Since January 1, 2010, the old-age labor pension consists of insurance and funded parts. The insurance part is guaranteed by the state to every citizen upon reaching retirement age; its size depends on the amount of insurance premiums that are transferred by the employer for the employee to his individual personal account. The funded part of the future pension is formed only for citizens born in 1967 and younger. It is intended for investing in any assets and generating additional income.

II. State pension:

1. For length of service. The following have the right to receive a state pension for length of service: federal civil servants, military personnel (with the exception of citizens who served in conscription as soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen), cosmonauts, and flight test personnel.
2. By old age. Citizens who have suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters have the right to receive a state old-age pension. The fact of paid labor activity does not affect the payment of the state old-age pension.
3. For disability. The fact of paid work does not affect the payment of the state disability pension.
4. On the occasion of the loss of a breadwinner. Appointed in the event of the death of citizens: during the period of military service on conscription as soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, injured as a result of radiation or man-made disasters, astronauts or cosmonaut candidates who died in the performance of official duties related to training or performing a space flight.
5. Social pension. Disabled citizens permanently residing in the Russian Federation have the right to a social pension. The fact of paid labor activity does not affect the payment of a social pension, with the exception of the social pension assigned to citizens who have reached the age of 65 and 60 years (men and women, respectively). Social pension includes the following types:

• social disability pension. Installed for disabled people of groups I, II and III, including disabled people since childhood, disabled children;
• social pension in case of loss of a breadwinner. Established for children who have lost one or both parents, and children of a deceased single mother;
• social old age pension. Established for disabled citizens upon reaching retirement age.

III. Non-state pension.

1. Non-state pension funds. To transfer pension savings to a non-state pension fund that provides compulsory pension insurance, you must contact this fund to conclude an agreement on compulsory pension insurance, and then, no later than December 31 of the current year, send an application for transfer from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to a non-state pension fund by contacting the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
2. Management companies. To transfer pension savings funds to a management company, you must select it from among the companies with which the Pension Fund has entered into agreements on trust management of pension savings funds, or state management companies, then select the investment portfolio of the management company and send an application for choosing an investment company no later than December 31 of the current year portfolio of the management company by contacting the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
3. Selection of an investment portfolio of a state management company. Currently, the functions of a state management company are performed by Vnesheconombank, which offers two investment portfolios for investing citizens’ pension savings:

• the basic investment portfolio is formed from bonds of the Russian Federation and corporate bonds of Russian issuers guaranteed by the state;
• the expanded investment portfolio is formed from government securities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, corporate bonds of Russian issuers, state-guaranteed deposits in rubles and foreign currency in credit institutions, mortgage-backed securities, bonds of international financial organizations.