Education in European countries. Carrot and stick: how children are raised in different countries. Educational methods in England

Children in different countries differ in many ways, so a person's character can determine to some extent where he comes from. The Spaniards approach the birth of a child with all passion, the British teach children to be restrained, and none of us would envy Japanese children.

Spain

The people of this country are known for their passionate nature and violent temperament. They approach the birth and upbringing of their children with the same passion. The Spaniards put their child's happiness as their main goal. That’s why they don’t like to scold and lecture their children. Rather, on the contrary, Spanish parents spoil their children, indulging their whims, which, in turn, does not have a very good effect on the character of the older generation: the feeling of permissiveness undoubtedly spoils it.

The childhood of any Spaniard is accompanied by hectic family holidays in national traditions, and sometimes even family showdowns - the sultry nature of the Spaniards makes itself felt in everything. As for the knowledge that children receive in their country, it is worth noting that the level in a regular public school is not high, so wealthy Spaniards send their children to private schools, where children receive an education close to European standards.

Italy

Italian parents left not far from Spain - family values ​​are extremely important in Italy. In this country, they usually have children after the age of thirty, but they are extremely scrupulous about their upbringing. For example, it is not customary to send children to kindergarten; from early childhood, children are under the care of their grandparents. Perhaps this is precisely what explains the Italians’ love for food and afternoon relaxation - the siesta.

Italians are very protective of their children, and living together with their parents until the age of thirty is considered the norm. When grandchildren appear, guardianship is transferred to them. But Italians also have a very reverent and respectful attitude towards the older generation.

America

American films that have come to our country do not reflect the whole meaning of raising an American child. Children in this country are full members of the family and society as a whole. This is the basis of American education. Therefore, even small complaints from children can lead to serious problems for parents, including deprivation of parental rights. Therefore, Americans never punish their children without reason, much less use physical punishment.

If possible, parents have several children, as they believe that this will allow the children to better adapt to life.

France

The French are known for their autonomy and independence. But this, rather, is dictated not by the wishes of the parents, but by social conditions. Due to the short duration of maternity leave, young French mothers have to go to work early in order not to lose it, since competition in the labor market is enormous. Therefore, from a very early age, children are sent to a nursery and then to a kindergarten.

But at the same time, the French do not deprive their children of love and affection - children grow up independent, but quite loving. Physical punishment is not practiced in this country. Although a French mother may well raise her voice at the child and punish him by depriving him of his favorite activity.

Great Britain

This country is known for its age-old traditions that rarely change. By the time the baby is born, a practical English mother knows almost everything: what a children's room should look like, what a crib should be like, and the children's menu is already written out.

When raising children, the British are always restrained; they do not use physical punishment, and quite rarely - parents are convinced that another method of education contributes to the development of self-confidence and increased self-esteem: they would rather repeat this or that truth many times until the child learns it.

From birth, almost every English family hires a nanny who takes on all the unloved responsibilities of a young mother. The British always keep their emotions to themselves and when raising a child they act according to logic and do not give in to feelings. Therefore, an adult Englishman can easily be recognized by his reserved behavior and subtle humor. In price and...

Japan

In this country, the following principle applies: up to 5 years old, a child is treated like a king, from 5 to 15 - like a slave, and after 15 - like an equal.

Until the age of five, Japanese parents never yell at their children, pamper them in every possible way, encourage their whims, and literally carry them in their arms. After 5-6 years, the child enters school, where he finds himself in a system of strict rules and restrictions that clearly stipulate what to do in a given situation. Therefore, by the end of school, young people become disciplined and well-mannered. In addition, after leaving school, from about 15 years of age, Japanese adults see children as equals and treat them accordingly.

Sweden

About three decades ago, physical punishment for children was prohibited in this country. That is why people grow up here who know everything about their rights, while being restrained and calm. As in other Scandinavian countries, children in Sweden are idolized, their opinions are listened to and they are not limited by strict rules, they only monitor the child’s safety. At the same time, children with disabilities attend regular kindergartens and schools - there is no division between healthy and disabled.

Here, great attention is paid to the baby even before his birth - a pregnant woman receives qualified medical care from the very conception, limiting the use of medications. Swedish medicine relies on the immune system of the woman and baby, which may be why Swedish children get sick less often and adults pay great attention to a healthy lifestyle.

In Sweden, it is not customary to ask grandparents for help, so in difficult situations the state always comes to the rescue. This country practices something called “weekend parenting,” which allows single mothers to leave their children with foster parents on weekends. But at the same time, the adoptive family goes through many checks. In any difficult situation, the state comes to the rescue, which is perhaps why adult Swedes know about compassion and are always ready to come to the rescue of those in need.

India

The main thing that Indian children are taught is kindness. Moreover, they not only teach with words, but also by showing by their attitude towards children and each other, they teach by personal example. Parents, even if they are tired or upset, will never show this to their children. Sometimes the patience that Indian families show towards children is simply amazing - here it is not customary to shout at a child, especially on the street.

The basic principle of raising children here is: Don't crush an ant, don't hit a dog, don't step on a lizard, don't throw stones at birds, don't harm anyone. These prohibitions subsequently develop into something else: do not offend the younger and weaker, respect your elders, do not raise an immodest glance at a girl, do not offend a woman with an impure thought, be faithful to your family, be kind to children.

Family values ​​have always been and remain first in this country. Marriage is considered a religious act and dissolution is highly undesirable for both parties. A woman is not only a wife, but also a mother, and therefore deserves gratitude and all possible support. And only a childless woman can be sent back to her father by her husband.

Other countries

Raising a child in different countries is based on centuries-old traditions and rarely anyone decides to change them. Here, for example, are some facts about raising children in other countries:

In Nigeria, up to six months of age, children spend many hours a day in a sitting position - they are placed between pillows or in special holes made in the ground.

In Finland, for example, one gets the feeling that the country was simply created specifically for children. In any shopping center, everything is thought out to the smallest detail: special feeding rooms, play corners, children's menus in restaurants and cafes, low seats in transport, etc.

In Germany, great importance is paid to the early development of the baby. Once (and a little later - several times) a week, mothers take their children to a special development group, where children gradually get used to children's society through games with other peers and the teacher.

In China, young mothers stop breastfeeding early in order to send their baby to kindergarten almost immediately after birth. There is a strict regime of nutrition, sleep, games, sports and developmental activities.

According to statistics, in Austria families spend the most money on buying toys than in other countries.

In Belgium, children attend school from the age of three.

In Angola, mothers wake their young children several times at night, considering the child's prolonged sleep to be a bad omen.

In Hong Kong, it is not customary to hire nannies - children are sent to kindergartens from a very early age.

The most severe punishment for a child in Brazil is considered to be a ban on playing football.

In Cuba, even young children often work part-time after school (on farms, in bars or on the streets).

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To discover new approaches to parenting for ourselves and our readers, we decided to contact parents living in countries whose culture is not often made public. Our interlocutors happily shared their observations and told us what parenthood looks like in their countries. Many features are not written about in books or in films, but they deserve attention because they are part of world culture, responsible for shaping the future society.

Today we are sharing the most interesting moments from the stories of our respondents especially for website.

Holland

Children in Holland are allowed to live their childhood the way they themselves wish: walk through puddles, run barefoot, roll in the sand and, if they so choose, noisily express their dissatisfaction in public places, without fear of stern looks from the outside. Everything is possible. Children live carefree and explore the world at their own pace. They don’t rush with their mother to 48 clubs and sections of early development in their incomplete 3 years. The Dutchman will say: “Everything has its time.”

But, despite the apparent complete freedom from the outside, children are not allowed to cross the boundaries set by their parents. And at the same time, “no” for the Dutch is a clear limitation without the opportunity to shift towards “yes”.

What Dutch parents pay attention to from birth is teaching their baby to swim, developing coordination (on average, by the age of 4, everyone here is already riding a two-wheeled bicycle) and strengthening the immune system - a minimum of medications, a maximum of fresh air and hardening of the child’s body.

Ghana

In Ghana, very few mothers can afford to stay at home with the baby after giving birth; more often the child either stays with the grandmother, or goes to the nursery, or accompanies the mother to work tied behind her back.

Here the whole family is ready to work hard so that the son or daughter can get an education, so that later the grown-up children, in turn, work and support the whole family. Teenagers are sometimes sent to be kept by wealthier relatives, where they serve in exchange for the opportunity to live and study, for example in the capital.

Ghanaian children are not to be envied. Many of them are deprived of the joy of childhood and dream of growing up quickly so that they can finally be among the “privileged caste” of adults. And this is not surprising for the following reasons.

• Corporal punishment is still practiced in many schools.
• The simplest things, such as candy or ice cream, become something special and desirable.
• Cleaning, washing dishes and other simple tasks in many families are entirely the responsibility of children. Locals even joke: “We finally have a child and we don’t have to wash dishes for the rest of our days.”

My 2-year-old son, who is growing up in an atmosphere of relative freedom, evokes a variety of emotions among local residents: some look at him with condemnation, others, on the contrary, looking at him, begin to regret that they are preventing their children from developing, driving them into boundaries, which society dictates.

But there are also things that I really like about Ghanaian children - their respect for adults, hard work, independence and great motivation to study - the only chance for many to succeed in life.

Italy

Italians are very attentive to safety issues; they support and supervise the child at every step. But at the same time they are completely calm about food. Chips for an afternoon snack don’t bother them at all; even pediatricians recommend popcorn as a snack, and for stomach pain, give half a glass of cola on an empty stomach.

Children's problems are equal to those of adults. The phrases “Don’t interrupt, you see, adults are talking!” you won't hear from Italian parents. They speak to children in simple language, reason and solve their problems as with an adult. School teachers treat children with respect; there are no forced schoolchildren on duty here, there are only children who kindly help clean up the mess.

Adults, acquaintances or not, constantly compliment children on any occasion. Therefore, they are very confident in themselves and know that they will always find support in their environment.

Aggression in society is at a very low level. Fights among schoolchildren are very rare. The concept of “fight back” does not exist in principle. But teenagers, when they see the baby, will definitely say “Ciao!” to him, ask his name and how old he is. There is no shame in a 15-year-old boy playing on the street with a passing child.

Syria

Syrian families are looking forward to heirs, boys who will take care of all their relatives in the future. Therefore, if a girl is born, local families try to continue the family until a male baby appears.

Before school, as a rule, children are with their mother; during school time they usually study according to the program (not everyone can afford tutors for schoolchildren and clubs for children). In their free time from school, boys work, helping their father at work and doing small errands (the value of such work is instilled in them from the cradle), and girls stay with their mothers, helping around the house.

Most children grow up and continue the work of their parents. Of course, there are those who go to study abroad, for medical or military specialties (before the war, most Syrians studied in the USSR and the Russian Federation), but this is quite expensive, so it is not very common.

But in general, as my Syrian husband says, in Russia children are elevated to a cult, they are untouchable and everything around them is subordinate to them. In Syria, the situation is exactly the opposite: children live according to their parents’ schedule, no one adapts to them and does not particularly bother with their daily routine.

Egypt

She told us about the attitude of Egyptians towards children Ryan, a professional journalist whose family lives in Cairo.

Children in Egypt are a universal object of adoration, regardless of age and gender. Wherever you go with your child, you will be welcome everywhere. If a child starts to get hysterical, the Egyptians will smile, try to help calm the baby and will never reproach you, regardless of whether you are in a restaurant, in a park or on public transport.

Some expats perceive such displays of love as a violation of personal boundaries, but most mothers here feel free and confident wherever they go with their children. True, sometimes they relax too much and do not stop the child, even when he goes too far.

If you ask me what Egyptian mothers are like, I will say that they are relaxed. They are not afraid of children's tantrums, do not run to the hospital at any sneeze, do not study kilometers of literature, relying on their own instinct. By the way, here from an early age they feed children chips and drink Coca-Cola, which scares me a little.

But despite this, I am impressed by the ability of Egyptian mothers to let go of the situation, their calmness and self-confidence. And this is exactly what I want to learn.

South Africa

South African children often have very good immunity because, from barely learning to walk, they run barefoot everywhere (from the grass outside the house to the cold tiled floor of the shopping center) and in any weather.

Children here are perceived as ordinary members of society; they are not overprotected or put the interests of the child above all else. Relatives play a very important role in raising children and can unceremoniously interfere in family affairs. Nobody demands the impossible from children: they spend their days playing and studying.

By the way, about education: here, expenses related to children's education make up, perhaps, the largest part of all family expenses. State schools and kindergartens are paid, private schools are also paid, only even more expensive. And not all poor families understand the importance of education; their children strive to start “earning” money as early as possible. They can often be found begging on the roads during school hours.

Malaysia and Norway

She told us about these countries Daria, whose family once traded the hot Malaysian climate for the Norwegian snows.

Kindergartens in Malaysia are public, free, and private. Private kindergartens are divided into private local and international.
My children went to a local private kindergarten.

The entire education system is based on rote learning, and 3-year-old children have a huge amount of textbooks and homework to do. In the kindergarten, children study mathematics, drawing, English and Malay at their desks every day. Chinese if desired. Children from Muslim families are required to attend religion classes.

Kindergarten in Norway is completely different.

There are no desk classes here. Children are free in their choice: there is a Lego area with many different parts, and construction sets - magnetic, Velcro, etc. Paper and pencils, soft toys, a kitchen with utensils - everything is freely available, and the child decides for himself what to do .

There is a separate room for studying the environment, it has everything you need: microscopes, magnifying glasses, tweezers and flasks. Also a separate room for role-playing games: hospital, store. A special room for crafts, where glue, yarn, colored paper, glitter and the favorite of all 5-year-olds - thermomosaic - are freely available.

Walks in any weather twice a day. In summer, all activities are outside, including even lunch. Once a week, a trip to the forest with a thermos of hot cocoa and delicious sandwiches.

The kindergartens are not free, but the price is fixed for the number of days attended. Open from 6:45 to 17:00.

From 4 to 7 years old, almost all children in our village go to the so-called “Montessori” - like kindergartens at the temple, where, of course, no one follows the Montessori method, the children just sing, draw, dance and once every six months they organize reporting concerts for the whole village.

Children begin to wear a uniform when they enter kindergarten, and its color changes depending on age and educational institution. At the same time, hairstyles are part of the uniform for girls: they go to kindergarten with 2 ponytails, and to school with 2 braids tied with red ribbons.

Sri Lanka ranks 2nd in Asia in terms of educated population. From the very birth of a child, parents begin to save money for his education, although universities and colleges are free for citizens. But in order to get into a university, you need to pass a serious final exam, so from the age of 12, children are prepared for admission.

Girls are raised a little more closed than boys. They are taught that there is no need to compete with a man, everyone has their own place and purpose in life, and there is a grain of truth in this.

I take what seems reasonable to me in Sri Lankan and Russian culture, make a fiery mix and serve it along with fresh fruit on my children's dinner table. And I believe that everything is happening correctly.

The world is so huge, but in every corner there are parents who know exactly how to raise a child happy, and are ready to do everything possible for this. Tell us, which approach to education is closer to you? What countries would you be interested in reading about next?

Why don’t the Japanese think of their life outside the collective, why are the Americans tolerant, and the French too independent? It's all about education.

Japan

Japanese children go through three stages of development: god - slave - equal. After five years of complete “relaxation” and almost absolute permissiveness (within reason, of course), it is probably not easy to pull yourself together and begin to strictly follow the general system of rules and restrictions.

Only at the age of 15 do they begin to treat the child as an equal, wanting to see him as a disciplined and law-abiding citizen.
Reading lectures, shouting or corporal punishment – ​​Japanese children are deprived of all these non-pedagogical “charms”. The worst punishment is the “game of silence” - adults simply stop communicating with the baby for a while. Adults do not try to dominate children, they do not seek to show their power and strength, perhaps this is why throughout their lives the Japanese idolize their parents (especially mothers) and try not to cause them trouble.
In the 50s of the last century, the revolutionary book “Training Talents” was published in Japan. At the instigation of its author, Masaru Ibuka, the country for the first time began to talk about the need for the early development of children. Based on the fact that in the first three years of life a child’s personality is formed, parents are obliged to create all the conditions for the realization of his abilities.
The feeling of belonging to a team is what is truly important for all Japanese, without exception. Therefore, it is not surprising that parents preach one simple truth: “Alone, it is easy to get lost in the intricacies of life.” However, the disadvantage of the Japanese approach to education is obvious: life according to the principle “like everyone else” and group consciousness do not give personal qualities a single chance.

France

The main feature of the French education system is the early socialization and independence of children. Many French women can only dream of many years of maternity leave, as they are forced to go to work early. French nurseries are ready to accept babies aged 2-3 months. Despite their care and love, parents know how to say: “No!” Adults demand discipline and unquestioning obedience from children. Just one glance is enough for the baby to “return to normal.”

Little Frenchies always say “magic words”, quietly wait for lunch or primly fiddle around in the sandbox while their mothers chat with friends. Parents do not pay attention to minor pranks, but for major offenses they punish them with “rubles”: they are deprived of entertainment, gifts or sweets.
An excellent study of the French education system is presented in Pamela Druckerman's book, French Children Don't Spit Food. Indeed, European children are very obedient, calm and independent. Problems arise in cases where parents are overly involved in their own personal lives - then alienation cannot be avoided.

Italy

Children in Italy are not just adored. They are idolized! And not only their own parents and numerous relatives, but also complete strangers. Saying something to someone else’s child, pinching his cheeks or “scaring him with a goat” is considered normal. A child can go to kindergarten at the age of three; until that time, he will most likely be under the “vigilant” control of his grandmother or grandfather, aunt or uncle, cousin, niece and all other relatives. They start “bringing children out into the world” very early - they are taken to concerts, restaurants, and weddings.

Making a reprimand, let alone a discouraging spanking, is unacceptable behavior for a parent. If you constantly pull a child back, he will grow up with a complex, - this is what Italian parents think. Such a strategy sometimes ends in disgrace: absolute permissiveness leads to the fact that many children have no idea about generally accepted rules of decency.

India

Indians begin to raise their children almost from the moment they are born. The main quality that parents want to see in their children is kindness. By personal example, they teach children to be patient with others and to restrain their emotions in any situation. Adults try to hide their bad mood or fatigue from their children.

The child’s entire life should be permeated with good thoughts: the warning “don’t crush an ant and don’t throw stones at birds” eventually transforms into “don’t offend the weak and respect your elders.” A child deserves the highest praise not when he has become “better than another,” but when he has become “better than himself.” At the same time, Indian parents are very conservative; for example, they flatly refuse to accept the introduction of relevant modern disciplines into the school curriculum.
Raising children has always been viewed in India not as the prerogative of the state, but was left to parents who could raise the child in accordance with their beliefs, including religious ones.

America

Americans have qualities that easily distinguish them “in a crowd”: internal freedom coexists peacefully with political correctness and strict adherence to the letter of the law. The desire to be closer to the child, delve into problems and be interested in successes are the most important aspects of the life of American parents. It is no coincidence that at any kindergarten matinee or school football match you can see a large number of dads and moms with video cameras in their hands.

The older generation does not take part in raising their grandchildren, but mothers, whenever possible, prefer caring for the family to work. From an early age, a child is taught tolerance, so it is quite easy for special children, for example, to adapt to a team. A clear advantage of the American education system is informality and the desire to emphasize practical knowledge.
Whistleblowing, which is viewed negatively in many countries, is called “law-abiding” in America: reporting on those who have broken the law is considered absolutely natural. Corporal punishment is condemned by society, and if a child complains to his parents and presents “evidence” (bruises or abrasions), then the actions of adults can be regarded as illegal with all the ensuing consequences. As a form of punishment, many parents use the popular “time out” technique, where the child is asked to sit silently and think about his behavior.

Every country raises children differently. Somewhere parents are obsessed with grades, and somewhere they are obsessed with safety, somewhere their children can do anything, but somewhere they have to go to bed strictly according to a schedule. We are all different, sometimes it’s even surprising how much.

The editors of the site have made a selection from 8 different countries with different educational systems. Let's find out where children under 30 live with their parents, and where schools will teach children how to smile correctly.

JAPAN

Until the age of 5, a child in Japan is allowed almost everything. If you want, draw on the wallpaper, if you want, run naked down the street, if you want, break the dishes. But from the age of 5-6 years, the child is driven into a very strict framework of rules and restrictions. And trying to disobey means “losing face”, getting out of the team, and for the Japanese this is very important. They don’t raise their voices at children in Japan; they are punished with silence and alienation from the group. The Japanese cannot imagine themselves without society, so they perceive separation from home as a disaster.

HOW TO GROW GENIUS

Early development is also widely practiced in Japan. From the age of three, a child usually goes to kindergarten. Getting there is not so easy, the child must undergo quite complex testing, this will also cost a lot of money, since parents try to send their children to elite kindergartens, which are under the care of the main universities. In Japan, it is common practice from infancy to prepare a child for one profession or another, a kindergarten at a school, a school at a university. Therefore, from the birth of the child, the mother can say: “Congratulations, we have a doctor.”

INDIA

The main thing in raising children among Hindus is the desire for kindness, patience and harmony. The child is taught to respect not only people, but also nature, which is why Hindu children never destroy birds’ nests or offend dogs. They also pay great attention to self-control - you cannot shout, emotions must be restrained. This is inspired by parents who also never raise their voices in the presence of a child.

HOW NOT TO BE ANGRY AT YOUR CHILD

At school, children are taught yoga, meditation lessons are given, the main focus is not on knowledge, but on education. They don’t scold you for grades, the main thing is that the person is good. Communication with children here is more informal. A teacher, or even a stranger, can pat a child on the head as a sign of sympathy or hug him to calm him down, and no one looks at it askance. Everyone is kind and open to each other. Well, what else can you expect from a country where children are taught to smile correctly during their lessons in schools.

CHINA

In China, there is no traditional division into raising boys and girls; here everyone is raised the same, since in adult life there is no division of responsibilities into “female” and “male” in the family. Both dad and mom can earn money or, conversely, stay at home with the child.

EDUCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY IN A CHILD

The main thing in raising children in China is obedience. Even from kindergarten, a child must strictly do what adults tell him. The child’s entire day is clearly scheduled; the routine is changed extremely rarely. Children are assigned chores at preschool age. At the same time, the child is sent to various clubs and sections, at the request of the parents. It is impossible to contradict them. They choose the child’s leisure time, even what toys he can play with. At the same time, praise for children in China is extremely rare.

ENGLAND

In England, on the contrary, it is customary to develop self-confidence in a child from infancy. Parents constantly praise their child, even for the smallest achievements, so that the child does not have low self-esteem. This applies to both parents and teachers in nurseries and kindergartens; comments to children are made extremely rarely. Usually they limit themselves to words, trying to explain how to do it and how not to do it.

CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

At school, children develop a desire for individualism, value an extraordinary point of view, and try to choose their own approach to each student. The child chooses what interests him and does it as much as he wants. Parents extremely respect the personal space of their children and never enter their son or daughter’s room without asking. However, the British are always strict and make a lot of demands on their children, many of which are often excessive.

SWEDEN

In Sweden, a child is a full-fledged person, no different from an adult. He has his own rights and responsibilities, and the main thing that parents care about is his safety. Back in the 70s, Sweden banned corporal punishment at the legislative level, and “stress-free education” is practiced here. “Do with your child as you would like to be treated with you” - this is the basic rule. The child has the right to dialogue, explanation and time from adults.

SHOULD I GIVE CHILDREN EXPENSIVE GIFTS?

Interestingly, parents often sleep in the same bed with their children; it is believed that during the day there is not enough time to show their love and spend time together, so they fill this gap at night.

In the USA, children are rarely sent to kindergarten; usually parents or a nanny sit with the child. They also often take children with them wherever they go: to the cinema, theater, even to work. Family in the USA is sacred, so family gatherings, picnics or Sunday dinners are often held there. Children are usually given freedom of action and the opportunity to choose; American parents do not punish them strictly - they are deprived of toys or put on a special chair to think.

HOW ARE CHILDREN PUNISHED IN RUSSIA

Parents are very involved in their children’s lives - they help with school projects, come to their team’s matches, and attend some events. American children are given more freedom; for example, no one will think to check whether their seventh-grade daughter has gone to bed or is lying down and reading. It's her choice.

FRANCE

French families are strong; parents usually do not want to let their children wander freely and can live together for up to 30 years. But this does not mean that the child is not independent, mothers go to work early and the child has to learn to do many things on his own. Therefore, French children often do small errands around the house, go to the store or look after younger ones.

AT WHAT AGE ARE IN RUSSIA PARENTS LET THEIR CHILD GO OUT ALONE?

Since childhood, parents move their child into a separate room; already a 6-month-old child must sleep at least in a separate crib. Parents often let their child have negative experiences on his own, without protecting him from small dangers. It’s better to let him try it himself once than for his mother to explain it to him a hundred times.

ITALY

In Italy there is also a cult of family, clan. Relatives, no matter how distant they are, will not abandon theirs. The birth of a child is treated as a gift; in childhood, children are pampered, showered with gifts and fed with sweets. The child is allowed everything, but at the same time, the parents tirelessly watch their every step. A child almost never hears the word “no,” which is why Italians often grow up rude and capricious.

WHAT TO DO IF THE OLDER CHILD IS JEALOUS OF THE YOUNGER

In Italy, the “adult-child” barrier is blurred, so children address adults on a first-name basis and can easily be rude in the spirit of: “Auntie, you’re bothering me, move over.” This behavior is not even particularly punished by parents.

The systems of raising children among different nations of the world differ significantly. And many factors influence these differences: mentality, religion, lifestyle and even climatic conditions. In this article we have collected descriptions of the main models of education, as well as, if you suddenly want to delve into one of them, literature on this topic.

Important! We do not give any ratings to these systems. In articles from the “Knowledge Base”, just like, for example, in Wikipedia, we are open to your edits - leave comments if you don’t agree with something, want to add or clarify.

From birth to 5 years of age, a Japanese child has the so-called period of permissiveness, when he is allowed to do whatever he wants without running into any comments from adults.

Until the age of 5, the Japanese treat a child “like a king,” from 5 to 15 years old, “like a slave,” and after 15, “like an equal.”

1. Parents allow their children almost everything. I want to draw on the wallpaper with a felt-tip pen - please! If you like digging in a pot of flowers, you can do it!

2. The Japanese believe that the early years are a time for fun, games and enjoyment. Of course, this does not mean that kids are completely spoiled. They are taught politeness, good manners, and are taught to feel part of the state and society.

3. Mom and dad never raise their tone when talking with children and do not lecture for hours. Physical punishment is also excluded. The main disciplinary measure is for parents to take the child aside and explain why they cannot behave this way.

4. Parents behave wisely, not asserting their authority through threats and blackmail. After conflicts, the Japanese mother is the first to make contact, indirectly showing how much the child’s action upset her.

5. The Japanese were among the first to talk about the need. These people are inclined to believe that in the first three years of life the foundations of a child’s personality are laid.

Young children learn everything much faster, and the task of parents is to create conditions in which the child can fully realize his abilities.

Their behavior is strictly regulated: they need to be respectful to parents and teachers, wear the same clothes and generally not stand out from their peers.

By the age of 15, a child should already become a completely independent person and be treated as an “equal” from this age.

Literature about this:"After three it's too late" Masaru Ibuka.

German upbringing

From a very young age, the life of German children is subject to strict rules: they are not allowed to sit in front of the TV or computer, and they go to bed at 8 pm. From childhood, kids acquire character traits such as punctuality and organization.

The German parenting style is clear organization and consistency.

1. It is not customary to leave children with their grandmother; mothers take babies with them in a sling or stroller. Then the parents go to work, and the kids stay with nannies, who usually have a medical diploma.

2. The child must have his own children's room, in the arrangement of which he took an active part and which is his legal territory, where he is allowed a lot. As for the rest of the apartment, the rules established by the parents apply there.

3. Games are common in which everyday situations are simulated and the ability to think independently and make decisions is developed.

4. German mothers raise independent children: if the baby falls, he will get up on his own, etc.

5. Children are required to attend kindergarten from the age of three. Until this time, preparation is carried out in special play groups, where children go with their mothers or nannies. Here they acquire communication skills with peers.

6. In preschool, German children are not taught reading and counting. Teachers consider it important to instill discipline and explain the rules of behavior in a team. The preschooler himself chooses an activity he likes: noisy fun, drawing or playing with cars.

7. A child is taught literacy in primary school. Teachers turn lessons into fun games, thereby instilling a love of learning.

Adults try to teach schoolchildren to plan their affairs and budget by purchasing a diary and their first piggy bank for him.

Literature about this: Axel Hacke's "A Quick Guide to Raising Toddlers"

French upbringing

In this European country, much attention is paid to the early development of children.

French mothers especially try to instill independence in their children, since women go to work early, striving to realize themselves.

1. Parents do not believe that after the birth of a baby their personal life ends. On the contrary, they clearly distinguish between time for the child and for themselves. So, the kids go to bed early, and mom and dad can be alone. The parent’s bed is not a place for children; a child from three months is accustomed to a separate crib.

2. Many parents use the services of children's development centers and entertainment studios for the comprehensive education and upbringing of their children. Also in France there is a widely developed network where they are located while mom is at work.

3. French women treat children gently, paying attention only to serious offenses. Moms reward for good behavior and withhold gifts or treats for bad behavior. If punishment cannot be avoided, then the parents will definitely explain the reason for this decision.

4. Grandparents usually do not babysit their grandchildren, but sometimes they take them to a playroom or studio. Children spend most of their time in kindergartens, easily adapting to the conditions of a preschool institution. By the way, if a mother does not work, then she may not be given a free ticket to a state kindergarten.

French education means not only modest and self-possessed children, but also strong parents.

Moms and dads in France know how to say the word “No” so that it sounds confident.

American upbringing

Modern little Americans are experts in legal norms; it is not uncommon for children to complain to their parents in court for violating their rights. Perhaps this is because society places great emphasis on explaining children's freedoms and developing individuality.

Other features of American upbringing:

1. For many Americans, family is a cult. Although grandparents often live in different states, the entire family enjoys getting together during Christmas and Thanksgiving.

2. Another characteristic feature of the American parenting style is the habit of visiting public places with your children. There are two reasons for this: firstly, not all young parents can afford the services of a nanny, and secondly, they do not want to give up their previous “free” lifestyle. That's why you can often see children at adult parties.

3. American children are rarely sent to kindergartens (more precisely, groups at schools). Women who are housewives prefer to raise children themselves, but do not always take care of them. Therefore, girls and boys go to first grade without knowing how to write or read.

4. Almost every child in the average American family from an early age belongs to some kind of sports club, section, and plays for the school sports team. There is even a stereotype when they say about American schools that the main school subject there is “Physical Education”.

5. Americans take discipline and punishment seriously: if they deprive children of a computer game or a walk, they always explain the reason.

By the way, the USA is the birthplace of such a technique of constructive punishment as time-out. In this case, the parent stops communicating with the child or leaves him alone for a short time.

Another feature of Americans is that, despite puritanical views, they openly talk with children about the topic of sex.

Literature about this: The book “From Diapers to First Dates” by American sexologist Debra Haffner will help our mothers take a different look at the child’s sexual education.

Italian upbringing

Italians are kind to children, considering them gifts from heaven. Children are loved, and not only by their parents, uncles, aunts and grandparents, but in general by everyone they meet, from the bartender to the newspaper seller. All children are guaranteed attention. A passerby can smile at the child, pat him on the cheeks, and say something to him.

It is not surprising that for their parents, a child in Italy remains a child at 20 and 30 years old.

Other features of Italian education:

1. Italian parents rarely send their children to kindergarten, believing that they should be raised in a large and friendly family. Grandmothers, aunts, and other close and distant relatives look after the children.

2. The baby grows up in an atmosphere of total supervision, guardianship and, at the same time, in conditions of permissiveness. He is allowed to do everything: make noise, shout, fool around, disobey the demands of adults, play for hours on the street.

3. Children are taken with them everywhere - to a wedding, concert, social event. It turns out that the Italian “bambino” has been leading an active “social life” since birth.

No one is indignant at this rule, because everyone loves babies in Italy and does not hide their admiration.

5. Italian dads share the responsibilities of raising a child along with their wives.

The Italian dad will never say, “Raising children is a woman’s job.” On the contrary, he strives to take an active role in the upbringing of his child.

Literature about this: books by Italian psychologist Maria Montessori.

Russian education

If several decades ago we had uniform requirements and rules for raising a child, today’s parents use a variety of popular developmental methods.

However, the popular wisdom is still relevant in Russia: “You need to raise children while they fit across the bench.”

1. The main educators are women. This applies to both family and educational institutions. Men are much less likely to be involved in the development of children, devoting most of their time to their careers and earning money.

Traditionally, the Russian family is built according to the type of man - the breadwinner, woman - the keeper of the home.

3. Nanny services are not as popular in Russia as in other European countries.

Most often, parents leave their children with grandparents if they are forced to go to work, and a place in a nursery or kindergarten is not yet available.

4. Children remain children, even when they leave home and start their own families. Mom and dad are trying to help financially, solve various everyday difficulties for their grown-up sons and daughters, and also babysit their grandchildren.

Literature about this:"Shapka, babushka, kefir. How children are raised in Russia."